The two roads for travel in early California were the El Camino Real on the west side of the coast range and the Camino Viejo in tin the San Joaquin Valley. The first was more often used by Catholic padres and Spanish explorers. the second through the valley was ore often used for military expeditions, fugitives, bandits, and Indian raiders. There were several East-West passages that connected the two and are still in use today as Pacheco Pass, Tejon Pass, etc. The article also mentions how water, oil, and cattle settled the inland trail and also the new developments of the California Aquaduct, the PG and E power grid bringing power from Northwestern water supplies and a new highway called, at the time of publication, the Westside HHighway.