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The Octagon
By Margaret Koch
On March 11, 1882, the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors began advertising for plans for a "Hall of Records"
building. On April 8 of the same year, drawings and specifications for an octagonal brick building were presented to the
Board. The shape was said to have been taken from a $50 octagonal-shaped gold piece minted in San Francisco in 1851–
1852.
The cornerstone-laying took place on June 10, 1882, with Santa Cruz Masonic Lodge officiating and Governor George C.
Perkins of California as the main guest of honor. Wood seats were hastily built to accommodate the crowds. The
ceremony was followed by a dance with a five-piece orchestra playing such tunes as "Darling Nelly Gray" and "Listen to
the Mocking Bird."
On October 7, 1882, the finished Octagon was turned over to the county
and a warrant was drawn to pay for it. The unique building served Santa
Cruz County as its Hall of Records for 86 years, although the last two or
three decades were punctuated with cries for "more room." In the early
1920s an ugly brick appendage was added to the Front Street side in an
attempt to provide needed space.
When the County began to build a new Governmental Center for itself,
people who had passed the old octagon for years without really seeing it
began to take a second look. The building's rarity and architectural
importance had been taken for granted for years.
The Octagon Building
When demolition rumors began to fly about, a few people began to work
for its preservation. The rumors even reached the historically tuned ears of Donald C. Biggs, director of the California
Historical Society at that time. He had led the battle to save Portsmouth Plaza and the San Francisco Mint, and he was
just as concerned about the impending loss of Santa Cruz's octagon.
In February 1968 the County Board of Supervisors passed a resolution preserving the brick octagon as a County
Museum. With the aid of a historic preservation grant from HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development),
the restoration was carried out and the museum was dedicated on June 17, 1972.
1
�Sources
This article is from Margaret Koch's The Walk Around Santa Cruz Book, Valley Publishers, 1978. Copyright
1978 Margaret Koch. Reproduced by permission of the author.
The accompanying photograph is from the Library’s collection.
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
2
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Santa Cruz History Articles
Description
An account of the resource
Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
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The Octagon
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AR-131
Source
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This article is from Margaret Koch's The Walk Around Santa Cruz Book, Valley Publishers, 1978. Copyright 1978 Margaret Koch.
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Copyright 1978 Margaret Koch. Reproduced by permission of the author.
Subject
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Octagon Building
Hall of Records
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Koch, Margaret
Publisher
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
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1978
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En
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ARTICLE
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Santa Cruz (City)
1880s
Buildings
Government
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Institutions in Santa Cruz County—1850–1950
By Susan Lehmann
OVERVIEW
In the development of the West, the transition from frontier outpost to city or town was said to have taken place when
schools and churches outnumbered saloons and brothels. Santa Cruz started early in its history to reach that goal and
from the first days of its existence as a mission settlement, provisions were made for both religious worship and the
education of children.
Beginning in 1866 with the construction of the first county courthouse, and through the turn of the century, a number of
public buildings were erected in the City of Santa Cruz. With the exception of the smallest, the 1882 octagon-shaped Hall
of Records, all of them are gone—having fallen to the ravages of fire, earthquake, and demolition. Those built between
1930 and 1950 have fared better and can still be seen in the city core. These include City Hall, the civic auditorium and
the old jail which has been remodeled for use as the arts and history museum.
HISTORY
Schools and Libraries
The first educational institution in the County was Santa Cruz Mission where Native Americans were forced to learn the
Catholic religion and children of Spanish settlers learned to read, write, and keep accounts. By 1847, a small contingent
of English speaking families has come to Santa Cruz and, although Spanish was still the official language, they wanted
their children to learn reading and writing in English. One such settler, Mary Amney Case, who arrived with her husband
and child in 1847, held classes in her home in 1848 and 1849, thus becoming the first English school of record in Santa
Cruz County. Following California statehood in 1850, more families with school-age children came to the area and local
churches were pressed into service as school buildings. Methodist churches in the city of Santa Cruz and Watsonville
served this purpose until 1857 with teachers being paid by collecting funds from the parents of students. With an ever
increasing number of children, residents of the county soon campaigned for a public school with its own school house.
According to the history of the Santa Cruz County school system written by Margaret Koch in 1978 and published by the
Santa Cruz County Office of Education, the first one room school house in the city was built in 1857 when a $400 lot was
purchased by community subscription on Mission Hill.
Other accounts, including those by researcher Phil Reader and University of California Santa Cruz librarian Donald Clark,
credit the opening of the first school to Louden (or London) Nelson, a Black former slave who came to the area in 1842
(Clark) or 1856 (Reader). He bought land on the San Lorenzo River where he made his living as a farmer. Although he
reportedly could neither read nor write, he appreciated education and enjoyed watching the children trouping to school
which was located, according to Clark's account, in a private house on the hill above Nelson's property. He willed his
estate to the school children of Santa Cruz to be used for their education and following his death in 1860, the money
1
�was used, according to Clark, to purchase land on Mission Hill to build the first school. In 1979, the former Laurel School,
built in 1930 and used as a community center was renamed the Louden Nelson Community Center in his honor.
The site of the Mission Hill school was moved to King Street in 1931, when a new school was built, and it now serves as a
junior high school. In 1860, Branciforte School was built on Soquel Avenue and was replaced by the present building
constructed in 1915 and located on Branciforte Avenue. Bayview School was added in 1865 at Mission and Bay Streets
where the original building was demolished to make way for the modern structure presently on the site.
Being a teacher in Santa Cruz County in the 1860s was not an easy life. According to a report issued by the
superintendent of schools in 1861: "It does not pay very well in this county to teach School, and those who have
followed no other occupation do not intend to continue teaching any longer than they can help." The superintendent's
suggestions for improvement in those early years included: uniformity of textbooks, the grading of all schools, libraries
available to all schools and the adoption of a plan that would, "compel the attendance of children who are idling their
time around the streets, without occupation." In spite of the problems of too little funding, the number of schools in the
County continued to increase. By 1865 there were sixteen and by 1870 there were twenty-five.
By the late 1880s, Santa Cruz County had over 50 schools scattered through the area, most of which were one room or
shared space with churches or other buildings. Within the city, high school classes were originally conducted on the
fourth floor of the Mission Hill Grammar School. The first Santa Cruz High School was constructed on Walnut Avenue in
1895. It burned to the ground on October 1, 1913 and was replaced on the same site by the present building in 1915.
Garfield Park had its own school, constructed in 1915. It was closed, however, in 1965 and the building no longer exists.
It is indeed fortunate that a number of the large, elegant schools built in the early to middle part of the 20th century
including the High School, Branciforte School and Gault School are still used for their original purpose. Another, Laurel
School, has been put to use as a community center.
The original libraries have not fared as well. The main library, an imposing edifice designed by architect William Weeks,
was demolished to make way for a modern building as were several branch libraries. Only the Garfield Park Library, built
in 1914, and the Seabright library, which now serves as the Natural History museum, are still in existence.
Churches
The first church in the county was Mission Santa Cruz established in 1791. The church was used until 1857 when part of
it collapsed during an earthquake. A replacement was dedicated in 1858 which served the needs of the Catholic
community until 1889 when a new church was built. Constructed of brick at a cost of $35,000, the new church was
designed by San Francisco architect Thomas J. Welch and served about 1,500 parishioners. The church, considered a city
landmark, was heavily damaged in the Loma Prieta earthquake and extensive repairs were needed to make it usable
again.
In the 1850s and 1860s five Protestant church groups were organized in Santa Cruz County. A Methodist church was the
first, organized by Elihu Anthony in 1848. The group actually built a church, a 20 by 30 foot wooden structure in 1850.
The first Congregational church was begun in the city of Santa Cruz in 1852. Others followed, including the church in
Soquel which was built in 1870. It was also the Congregational Church that took on the mission of converting the area's
Chinese population to Christianity. The Chinese Sunday School begun in 1869, was the oldest recorded Christian
institution dedicated to that purpose in the Monterey Bay Region. The Sunday school, conducted in English, was taught
by a woman member. Emphasis was on learning the reading, writing and speaking of English and the original twelve
students were reported to be industrious and "eager to learn."
In 1881 a full-fledged Chinese mission was organized in Santa Cruz. Adult members of the mission were expected to
attend classes, which featured English lessons and Bible study, every week day evening until 9 o'clock. The ability of the
congregation to recruit members was aided by the fact that a Chinese minister, Wong Ock, was assigned to the mission
from its founding until 1883. Located in the City's Chinatown, the mission held yearly recitals to showcase the progress
2
�of its students and to collect funds to defray expenses. The mission remained an active part of the community into the
20th century until the declining Chinese population in Santa Cruz resulted in its eventual closing.
Other denominations followed the Congregationalists to the County including the Baptists in 1858 and the Unity Church
in 1866. In 1862, an Episcopal congregation was formed in the city although it had no building of its own. Moving from
the Hugo Hihn building to the Temperance Hall on Mission Street and on to a converted school house that had formerly
been used by the Methodists, the church finally acquired a permanent home when land was donated for that purpose in
1864. The church building, which was constructed for $3000 used a modified plan taken from Upjohn's Rural
Architecture by New York architect Richard Upjohn. Simple in its Gothic style, the main structure is still intact with a
belfry that was added in 1874 and a number of additions made in the 20th century. By 1890 there were over 20
Protestant churches in the County representing the Presbyterian, Christian, Adventist and Universalist denominations as
well as those previously mentioned. At the turn of the century, Protestants in the County numbered about 2,500.
Besides the normal facilities provided by churches, religious groups made an additional contribution to the County by
establishing a number of religious retreats and camps, some of which still operate at various locations in the Santa Cruz
mountains. Within the city, the most notable was a Garfield Park which was begun in the late 1880s. Built by the
Northern California Convention of the Disciples of Christ, its most prominent structure was a large tabernacle dedicated
on Aug. 31, 1890 that was large enough for 2000 people. The development around it, planned for a number of cottages
and larger "villas" was constructed on streets laid out in a series of circles. Lots were offered at auction within the
tabernacle at $105 to $135 each. Although not as successful as other religious communities such as Mount Hermon, a
number of cottages were built at the time and can still be seen in the area known today as "the Circles." The tabernacle
has been torn down and a new church, built in 1958, stands on the site.
Civic and Community Buildings
As the county seat and primary population center in the county, the City of Santa Cruz saw the construction of a number
of impressive public buildings between 1865 and the turn of the century. The first City Hall was built in 1877 on Cooper
and Front Street followed by a jail constructed in 1889. Both were torn down in 1937. A new jail, built in 1936 in
Moderne style by San Francisco architect Albert Rolle has been remodeled and is now used as a city museum.
The County Courthouse, later known as the Cooper House was built in 1894 to replace the 1866 courthouse which
burned in the downtown fire of that year. The diminutive, octagon-shaped Hall of Records, designed by Oakland
architect J. W. Newcum, was built in 1882 and is the only government building from the 19th century to survive. It
became a historical museum in 1972 and presently serves as the museum gift shop.
Three twentieth century government buildings still survive, after earthquake repairs: the Santa Cruz City Hall located at
809 Center Street, the Civic Auditorium and the Santa Cruz Firehouse at Church and Center Street. City Hall was
designed and built in 1937-38 by Monterey architect C. J. Ryland in the Monterey Colonial Revival Style. It occupies the
site of F. A. Hihn's mansion built in 1872 which was used as the city hall beginning in 1920. The Hihn house [was] torn
down when the present city hall was constructed. Another building lost to demolition was the opera house which
opened to great fanfare in 1877. Located at Union and Center Streets, it was moved to Capitola in 1921 and eventually
torn down in 1961. The Civic Auditorium and Santa Cruz Fire station #1, designed by San Francisco architect Mark
Daniels were built in 1939 and are both still used for their original purposes.
3
�Sources
From: Fully Developed Context Statement for the City of Santa Cruz. Prepared for City of Santa Cruz Planning
and Development Department. Prepared by Susan Lehmann, October 20, 2000. Chapter 5, Context III:
Institutions in Santa Cruz County—1850-1950, pp. 45–47
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
4
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Santa Cruz History Articles
Description
An account of the resource
Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
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Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
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Title
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Institutions in Santa Cruz County, 1850-1950
Identifier
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AR-130
Creator
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Lehmann, Susan
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From: Fully Developed Context Statement for the City of Santa Cruz. Prepared for City of Santa Cruz Planning and Development Department. Prepared by Susan Lehmann, October 20, 2000. Chapter 5, Context III: Institutions in Santa Cruz County -- 1850-1950, pp. 45-47.
Publisher
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
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10-20-2000
Format
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Text
Language
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En
Type
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ARTICLE
Coverage
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Santa Cruz (County)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Schools
Churches
Santa Cruz (County)
Santa Cruz (City)
Architecture and Architects
Buildings
Education
Government
Religion
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ae2d4537506d7b15dbc750ab310d598f
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Text
WPA Projects in Santa Cruz County
The Works Progress Administration (1935-1943) was a U.S. government agency created during the Great Depression to
provide jobs for unemployed workers. It funded projects throughout the country, including Santa Cruz County.
To find out what WPA projects there were in Santa Cruz County, Library staff spoke with the WPA archivist at the
National Archives in College Park, Maryland. We learned that the WPA recorded information about its projects on cards,
and arranged them by year and then geographical location. The National Archives microfilmed the cards and sells the
microfilm through the National Archives Trust Fund.
Based on the microfilm, we have compiled a list of some of the projects in this county. It should not be considered
complete. For a fuller list of projects and more information, consult the microfilm rolls. To compile a complete and
detailed list, other sources would need to be checked--newspapers and perhaps records of other agencies. Seemingly
inconsistent information needs to be cleared up. For example, the creation date of Post Office murals and the date of
the Civic Auditorium.
The employment projects fall into three groups: public works, social services, and clerical and professional occupations.
The listings are transcribed from the project descriptions on the cards. The dates after the listings are also taken from
the cards. Dates on this list should not be considered definitive. Many projects spanned more than one year; there were
often several similar projects in other years that are not listed here.
Some Projects that Provided Employment in Public Works
Construction/Improvement of Buildings and Bridges:
Completion of the Valencia Bridge and approaches (1935)
Make improvements and additions to the Division of Forestry Headquarters in Felton... (1938)
A non-federal project to develop a City Corporation Yard in the city of Santa Cruz...[We do not known what is
meant by a "non-federal" project] (1939)
A non-federal project to improve buildings and grounds at schools throughout the city of Santa Cruz...(1939)
Improve roads. ...construction new bridges; constructing sidewalks, paths, boardwalks... [Sponsor is the County
of Santa Cruz] [ An old, unverified reference file lists Zayante Creek bridge and Glen Canyon bridge as a WPA
projects. Could these be the bridges referred to?] (1941)
Construct school building at Scotts Valley School... (1941)
Construct facilities and improve grounds at Camp McQuaide... (1941)
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Construct fire station and community hall... [Sponsor: City of Santa Cruz] [This may be the Civic Auditorium,
usually dated as 1940, and Fire Station #1 on Center Street] (1942)
Make alterations and construct new addition to the Santa Cruz County Hospital and improve grounds... (1942)
Other Public Works:
Improve school athletic equipment (1935)
Improve recreational facilities in city owned parks in and near the city of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, by
landscaping, grading and leveling grounds, installing sprinkler systems (1937)
Roadwork:
Construct fire trail and motorway on Coast Road (1935)
Improving various roads not in the Federal Aid System (1935)
Rocking roads in vicinity of Soquel (1935)
Surfacing with crushed rock and fuel oil Front Gulch and Larkin Valley Road near Aptos (1935)
Brushing, clearing, widening, drainage structures, and oiling Zayante Road, beginning at Lompico Creek (1935)
Improving 7.45 miles of Soquel-San Jose Road (1935)
Improve Empire Grade Road (1936)
Improve Lockhart Gulch Road (1936)
Improve Escalona Drive in the city of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, including clearing, scrubbing widening,
grading, oiling, installing culverts (1937)
Improve Center and Church Streets... (1938)
Improve streets in the vicinity of and through Natural Bridge Park...(1938)
Construct public road on San Andreas Road to Camp McQuaide... (1942)
Sewers and Drains:
Construct sewer main, laying sewer pipe and construct manholes (1935)
Construct drainage system for flood control (1936)
Community sanitation-the elimination of insanitary [sic] devices by the construction of sanitary privies in rural
areas and suburban territories where sewer systems are impracticable (1937)
Construct water mains and sanitary sewers in North Branciforte Avenue, Escalona Drive and Center Street...
(1937)
Construct sanitary sewers, with manholes and other necessary appurtenances, in and near Soquel... (1938)
Construct sanitary sewers, with manholes and other necessary appurtenances, in and near Watsonville... (1938)
2
�Some Projects that Provided Employment in the Social Services
Employ women to make clothes for the needy (1935)
"Sewing rooms" (1935)
Handle surplus relief commodities (1935)
Transient work camp in lieu of direct relief. Redwood State Park [Exact description. It is unclear if this project
was to provide a camp or to build one or both] (1936)
Provide public health nurses for needy families (1936)
Provide leadership in public recreation and leisure time activities (1936)
Provide employment for needy persons in furnishing free home assistance in housework and in the care of
children (1936)
Provide employment for needy professional, educational and clerical person in the maintenance and operation
of free nursery schools for the needy (1937)
Provide training courses for persons desiring household employment (1938)
Maintain and operate free nursery schools for children from needy families and other low income groups (1938)
Provide matron service for girls' rest rooms in public schools throughout Santa Cruz County (1938)
Supervise and operate shops for producing, repairing and renovating garments and articles for free distribution
to the needy, public institutions and public agencies, or for use on other WPA projects.[The sponsor is listed as
the State of California. Dept. of Social Welfare] (1942)
Projects Providing Clerical and Professional Employment
Make property maps of mining districts (1935)
To transcribe, catalog, cross-index, and prepare a new file of records in the public library in Watsonville... (1936)
Provide employment for needy professional, educational and clerical persons to index and prepare a new file
system of records of vocational handicapped persons for the Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation (1937)
To provide employment for needy professional, educational, and clerical persons to assist in organizing and
operating library services for the Santa Cruz public school libraries...(1937)
Sort, transcribe, and file police case histories...[city of Santa Cruz] (1938)
Nationwide: A professional project for the employment of needy unemployed artists; painter, sculptors, graphic
artists, craftsmen, art teachers, art lecturers, ...who are qualified by training and experience to perform a
function in the field of art activity... The program to be carried forward in the field of mural painting...[There is
no specific mention in the cards of the downtown Santa Cruz Post Office murals, which would seem to fit under
this WPA-funded project. However, the information posted in the Post Office states that the murals were
painted by Henrietta Shore (1880-1963) in 1936-37 and installed in 1937. The funding came from the Treasury
Relief Art Project, a branch of the WPA ] (1938)
3
�
Nationwide: A professional project for the employment of instrumentalists, singers, and other concert
performers, piano tuners, instrument repairers, music binders, and those participating in social and rural music,
music education and recreation. [Not known if there were any programs in Santa Cruz under this program]
(1938)
Nationwide: A professional project for the employment of writers, editors, historians, research workers, art
critics, architects, archaeologist, map draftsmen, geologists, and other professional workers for the preparation
of material for the American Guide Series...[a publication in this series that covered California was, Federal
Writers Project. California: a guide to the golden state.] (1938)
Nationwide: A professional project for the employment of actors, playwrights, vaudeville and variety artists,
circus entertainers....to produce various kinds of theatrical entertainment... [We do not know if there were any
local or visiting productions in Santa Cruz] (1938)
Arrange, transcribe and classify data contained in estate records and inventories filed for probate...(1939)
Transcribe and code all active venereal disease case records for 1939 in public clinics (1939)
Source
U.S. Works Progress Administration. Location Project File, 1935--1942. U.S. National Archives. Microfilm.
It is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to completely verify the
accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide
documentation, please contact the library.
4
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Santa Cruz History Articles
Description
An account of the resource
Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Digital file
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
AR-091
Title
A name given to the resource
WPA Projects in Santa Cruz County
Subject
The topic of the resource
Works Progress Administration
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Library Staff
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
U.S. Works Progress Administration. Location Project File, 1935--1942. U.S. National Archives. Microfilm.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Santa Cruz (County)
1930s
1940s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
En
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Government
Public Works
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f9df38b79b795fc3caa8b61d46c78781
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Text
California Government between 1846 and 1851
By Rechs Ann Pedersen
As the result of the Mexican War, Mexico ceded California to the United States in 1846. A territorial government should
have been established by the U.S. Congress, but it was not. Congress delayed establishing any civilian government while
it struggled with the issues of slavery and the balance of slave and non-slave states. In the meantime, California was
administered by a succession of seven American military governors.
As an expedient, the military governors retained the existing Mexican alacades system. Alacades, or local magistrates,
acted as mayor, judge, and representative of the governor. The resulting form of government was highly unpopular.
Many Californians felt that the military had no right to govern them in times of peace. Many citizens did not understand
the alacades system or were ignorant of the Spanish-Mexican law that was its basis. Some areas set up their own
governments with their own laws; with the influx of gold seekers, many new communities came into existance with no
government or law at all. No central government existed to perform such functions as establish and enforce consistent
laws, build roads and bridges, or enpower jurisdictions to set up schools, hospitals or fire departments. California was in
a state of near anarchy. Citizens met in San Jose in December, 1848, and early in 1849 in Sacramento, San Francisco, and
Sonoma, to consider setting up a provisional territorial government.
In April of 1849, General Bennett Riley became California's seventh military governor. Two months later, he heard that
Congress again had adjourned without setting up a government for California; he issued a proclamation calling for the
election of delegates to a constitutional convention. On August 1, 1849, Californians elected 48 delegates.
The Constitutional Convention met in Colton Hall in Monterey during September and early October of 1849. The
delegates drafted a constitution. They also established state boundaries, choose the site of the capital, designated the
Great Seal, created three branches of government, and created electoral districts for the Assembly and State Senate.
On November 13, 1849, Californians ratified the proposed state constitution by a vote of 12,061 to 811. They also
elected a governor (Peter Bernett), lieutenant governor, two representatives to Congress, sixteen state senators, and
thirty-six assembly members. The Monterey District, of which Santa Cruz was a part, elected Selim E. Woodworth as
state senator and T.R. Per Lee as assembly member.
Still not officially a state, California began to act like a state. The first legislature convened on December 15, 1849 in San
Jose, which was the capital at that time. By the way, this legislature came to be called the "Legislature of 1,000 Drinks."
It was so called because Senator Thomas Jefferson Green made several motions to adjourn and have 1,000 drinks at his
expense. It was part of his strategy to be elected major general of the state militia.
As one of its acts of setting up government, the first legislature divided California into twenty-seven counties. The Santa
Cruz area was one of these original counties. It was called Branciforte County for the first three months of its existance
(February--April 1850). A bill in April, 1850, changed the name to Santa Cruz County.
1
�California became a state, officially, on September 9, 1850. An election was held in October of 1850. California's second
legislature (but the first as a state) convened in January of 1851.
Sources
Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of the Pacific States: California. History Co., 1888.
Beek, Joseph Allan. The California Legislature. California Senate, 1980.
Driscoll, James D. California's Legislature, California Assembly, 1984.
Hart, James D. A Companion to California, University of California Press, 1987.
Lavender, David. California; a Bicentennial History. W.W. Norton, 1976.
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
2
�
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Santa Cruz History Articles
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Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
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AR-074
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California Government Between 1846 and 1851
Creator
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Pedersen, Rechs Ann
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Politics and Government
California-History
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California
Government
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https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/6ca49ce28e376c6b4a86b1b2916ce2e3.pdf
cda952031b874f809dae8db91adedd56
PDF Text
Text
Time Line for the Establishment of the
Pueblo de Branciforte
By Phil Reader
1542
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and Bartolome Ferrelo, flying the flag of Spain, explore the west coast of North America.
1565
The Crown-sponsored Manila Galleons, from New Spain, begin their yearly transpacific voyages of commerce to the
Philippines. On the return trip they pass down the coastline to Acapulco.
1579
English privateer Francis Drake sails up the coast of California in search of the Northwest Passage.
1595
Merchant/adventurer Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno unsuccessfully explores the California coast for an acceptable portof-call for the Manila Galleons.
1602
Sebastian Vizcaino, also in search of good harbor, discovers Monterey Bay. His discovery sets the scene for the
settlement of the Alta California region.
1769
Father Junipero Serra and Captain Gaspar de Portola begin the land-based exploration and settlement of Alta California.
1774
Spanish navigator Juan Perez discovers the Nootka Sound, a harbor on what was to become Vancouver Island, and
claims it for Spain.
1778
1
�English explorer Captain James Cook lays the foundation for a British claim to the region when he visits the harbor and
names the Nootka Sound. During the next decade several countries, including both Spain and England, as well as the
Russians, French and Americans, vie for control of the area.
1789, May 5
"The Nootka Incident."—Fearing the loss of the Nootka harbor and her dominance in the region, the Spanish
government dispatched two vessels, under the command of Estaban Jose Martinez, to secure the sounds. Upon arrival,
he found five other ships anchored there already. Two British, two American and one Portuguese. Martinez captured the
two English ships in an action which led to a threat of war between Spain and England. However, international pressure
was quickly brought to bear upon the two old adversaries.
1790, October 28
A costly war was averted by the compromises which were reached at the "Nootka Convention". Under the terms which
were finally agreed upon on April 2, 1894, both nations should have access to the Nootka Sound, but Britain could not
enter upon or establish any bases in Alta California. In spite of the compromise, Spain continued to view the British
intentions in the Pacific region with a great deal of suspicion.
1794
Miguel de la Grua Talamanca, Marques de Branciforte, succeeds Juan Vicente Pacheco de Padilla, conde de Revilia
Gigedo, as Viceroy of New Spain. Branciforte - like his predecessor - is acutely aware of the vulnerability of Spain's Alta
California province. With this in mind, he sets about planning for the defense of the region.
1794, October 17
Miguel Costanso, a military engineer with geographical knowledge of the area, sends a letter to Branciforte containing a
plan for the bolstering of California's military defenses. Costanso suggests settling retired soldiers in the area.
1795, November 17
Don Jose Maria Beltran, Royal Exchequer and Minister in Charge of the 2nd Naval Department, drafts a detailed plan for
the fortification of Alta California. Using Costanso's suggestion, he recommends establishing a new pueblo in central
California to be populated by retired soldiers, skilled craftsmen and Christianized Indians. Following Viceroy Branciforte's
approval, a Free Company of Catalonian Volunteers—numbering 75—is dispatched to Alta California, where, upon
completing their terms of enlistment, they are to become land grantees of the new pueblo.
1796, January to June
Lieutenant Alberto de Cordoba and Diego de Borcia, Governor of Alta California, seek out an appropriate site for the
pueblo, which is to be named in honor of Viceroy Branciforte. They investigate three possible locations: one at Alameda,
another near the presidio at San Francisco, and the third on the east bank of the San Lorenzo River across from the
Santa Cruz Mission.
1796, April
Lieutenant-Colonel Pedro de Alberni arrives at San Francisco with the Catalonian Volunteers. However, they are sent to
various presidios throughout Alta California.
1796, August 4
2
�Governor de Borcia reports to Viceroy Branciforte that the Santa Cruz site is best suited for settlement and recommends
that the "Pueblo de Branciforte" be established there.
1796, October 6
Cordoba draws up a detailed plan for the center of the pueblo which, in compliance with the Laws of the Indies, included
a plaza, streets, houses, a church and town-lots. He also sketches a map of the four leagues of land which are to belong
to the pueblo. These, along with his other recommendations, are sent to Branciforte in Mexico City.
1797, February 25
Viceroy Branciforte orders the establishment of the Pueblo de Branciforte on a bluff above the San Lorenzo River. The
recruitment of settlers for the pueblo begins in New Spain.
1797, June 20
The first group of colonists from Guadalajara arrive at Branciforte.
1797, July 24
Governor Diego de Borcia formally dedicates the Pueblo de Branciforte at the site.
Sources
Copyright 1996 Phil Reader. Reproduced with the permission of the author.
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information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
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Santa Cruz History Articles
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Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
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AR-096
Title
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Time Line for the Establishment of the Pueblo de Branciforte
Creator
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Reader, Phil
Publisher
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
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1996
Format
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Text
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En
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ARTICLE
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Copyright 1996 Phil Reader. Reproduced with the permission of the author.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Pueblo de Branciforte
Branciforte
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Santa Cruz (City)
Government
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/fc3c54a46718b8b1cb937a167f1e0dea.pdf
276bfbc08cad5ed21b743444d36d8663
PDF Text
Text
History of the County's Emeline Street Complex
This section provides a chronological history of the County Buildings housed at the Emeline Street Complex and various
health care services provided in each of the buildings over the years. Attachment A of this Report [not included in web
version] contains a map of the Emeline Street Complex which shows the location of most of the buildings discussed in
this section.
1877
A men's infirmary section was constructed at the Emeline site. The building was called the County Poor Farm and housed
all manner of ill, infirmed and indigent men.
1885
The infirmary was added to and a second facility was constructed. The second facility -- a two-story building -- was the
first County Hospital and accommodated surgical care and provided for chronically ill patients. The hospital was erected
on land behind Building D and adjacent to Carbonera Creek which is now a parking lot.
This building remained in service for a variety of purposes until 1975 when the County was paid for its demolition. The
demolition in this instance involved taking the facility down board by board for the purpose of salvaging and reselling
the virgin redwood that was used in its construction.
The building was last used by the Community Action Board and housed the original CAB food distribution program which
later became Food and Nutrition Services.
1925
In 1925, the original wing of the 1040/1100 Emeline building (Building E "Old County Hospital") was constructed as a
modern and larger hospital facility to accommodate the growing need for health care in the community. This structure
was subsequently expanded during its many years of service as the County General Hospital. The County's population in
1925 was approximately 30,000.
The 1925 facility was the only General hospital in the North Santa Cruz County until Sisters Hospital was opened by the
Dominican Sisters of Adrian Michigan in 1938. The General Hospital served a critical and important role for the residents
of Santa Cruz County.
1952
A Juvenile Hall was built at Emeline. The administrative offices and "cell blocks" operated until the new Juvenile Hall was
constructed on Graham Hill Road in 1967.
1957
1
�In 1957, a 21-bed hospital facility was constructed at 1060/1070 Emeline which is now known as Building F to provide
care and treatment for tuberculosis patients and those with other communicable diseases. Originally called the Chest
Building, this facility currently houses several of the Community Mental Health Services programs and Community
Mental Health administration. The County's population was now approximately 80,000.
The 1000 Emeline Building (Building A) was also built in 1957 with Hill-Burton money to house the County's Public Health
Department including the Public Health laboratory and clinics. The County Health Department was separate and distinct
from the County Hospital until 1974 when the County Health Services Agency was created to improve the coordination
and effectiveness of County Public Health, Medical Care and Mental Health Services. Building A currently [1991] provides
space for HRA administration and the methadone program which is operated by a private non-profit contractor.
1960
The Ferguson Memorial Rehabilitation Center—1020 Emeline (Building B)—was dedicated in 1960. This building was
originally constructed to provide for the care and rehabilitation of the aged, as an extended care facility, and as the
center for community mental health services. Licensed for 60 beds, frail elderly indigents lived in this facility until 1974
when the closure of General Hospital made its operation economically infeasible. The Neuro-psychiatric unit was also
located in this facility in the basement.
1968
The 1080 Emeline building (Building D), the new County Hospital was completed. This three-story structure was
originally a 65-bed full service, 24-hour facility. It was designed with expansion potential for an additional two floors.
When the Old General Hospital was vacated, an eight-bed alcohol detoxification unit was started. Outpatient counseling
for alcoholics was also started. The old hospital also housed a Youth Hostel for two years in the early 1970s and "Papa
Dawson's Drug Abuse Prevention Facility."
In 1973, the County General Hospital employed over 350 hospital employees and mental health staff, with hospital care
provided on a 24-hour in-patient basis. This facility included obstetrics, pediatrics, and the only emergency room in the
county. Ambulances brought trauma patients from all over the County to General Hospital 24-hours a day.
Following the opening of the new County General Hospital in 1968 the Emeline Street Complex was a thriving and active
operation with several twenty four a day operations. Records from this period show:
The average daily census of inpatients during 1969–1970 at the Emeline hospital facility was 128 people.
The total number of inpatient days were 46,220.
There were 310 full-time equivalent employees in the Hospital alone.
7,000 emergency room services and 9,500 clinic visits were provided.
11,600 immunizations and 21,000 laboratory tests were performed.
At this time there were plans for expansion and the County Administrative Officer's Capital Improvement Report of 1969
outlined a seven year program to add 164,750 square feet of new and improved facilities at the Emeline Street Complex.
The new facilities proposed in that plan are listed below:
Item
Square Feet
Girls Group Home
Hospital Emergency Operations Center
Addition of 3rd and 4th Floors to the new General Hospital
Health Department Expansion
Hospital 1st Floor Expansion
3,000
5,000
36,000
750
20,000
2
�Welfare Building
Hospital Mental Health and Outpatient Wing
50,000
50,000
Total New Square Feet
164,750
None of the buildings listed above were ever built and shortly after this list was compiled there was a significant decline
in the demand for County Inpatient Services as a result of a change in Federal health policy. From its beginning in 1873
through 1968, as a result of Federal and State law, the County was the health care provider of last resort and enjoyed an
almost exclusive monopoly on the provision of health care services to the poor and the unfortunate. It was a significant
responsibility and Santa Cruz County, judging from the army of facilities and services it made available, took this
responsibility very seriously.
The fact that public hospitals were the health care provider of last resort and that most of their services were rendered
to the poor had unfortunate consequences when Federal and State health care policy changed. As a result of their
historic role County Hospitals and County Institutions, regardless of the quality of care they provided, had the stigma of
second class institutions when care was given to only those persons who could not receive care anywhere else.
In 1968 the financial environment for health care delivery changed as a result of a new Federal Act which authorized and
funded the Federal Medicaid Program which is known in California as Medi-Cal. This new program provided for Federal
and State Payments for the health care needs of the poor at any institution which would accept Medi-Cal and not just
the County.
The poor now had the option of going to other than County health care providers. Because County institutions had the
reputation, often undeserved, of providing second class care, the poor exercised their option to use mainstream
medicine and demand for County health care services began to decline.
1973
The general hospital function was discontinued at Emeline in 1973, and the emergency room and in-patient medical
surgical and intensive care beds closed and only the neuro-psychiatric component of the County General Hospital
remained in operation. The closure of the Hospital occurred largely as a result of changes in federal and state policy
regarding Medicaid and MediCal coverage for persons formerly dependent on the County. The County contracted with
Dominican Santa Cruz, Community and Watsonville Community Hospital to provide for emergency and inpatient hospital
care. Shortly thereafter the County's extended care unit for the elderly was also closed.
1975
In 1975, the neuro-psychiatric facility was re-located from the Ferguson Building to the 2nd floor of 1080 Emeline
building where the intensive care unit had been housed. Crisis evaluation and observation of the mentally ill was
provided at the same location.
1983
In 1983, the inpatient psychiatric hospital was closed and patients transferred to Dominican Hospital which built a new
inpatient psychiatric unit under a special contact with the County.
The 1080 Emeline building is now [1991] used as the County's outpatient clinic and houses Health Services
administration, Public Health administration, Public Health Nursing, Health Education, and Alcohol and Drug Programs
administration.
3
�Sources
Excerpt from: Attachment 1: Background Report on the County's Emeline Street Complex, prepared by the
County Administrative Office in Conjunction with the Health Services and Human Resources Agencies, pp. 1-6;
Appendix F of the Revised Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Cruz County Health
Services/Human Resources Building, 1992.
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
4
�
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Title
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Santa Cruz History Articles
Description
An account of the resource
Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
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AR-155
Title
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History of the County's Emeline Street Complex
Creator
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Santa Cruz County Administrative Office
Source
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Excerpt from: "Attachment 1: Background Report on the County's Emeline Street Complex", prepared by the County Administrative Office in Conjunction with the Health Services and Human Resources Agencies, pp. 1-6; "Appendix F of the Revised Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Cruz County Health Services/Human Resources Building", 1992.
Publisher
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Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1992-
Format
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Text
Language
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En
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Subject
The topic of the resource
Santa Cruz (County)
Emeline Street
Hospitals
Santa Cruz County General Hospital
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Santa Cruz (City)
Buildings
Government
Medicine
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https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/2683dd9008a895475f65d0c4248d6aef.pdf
d550bdb715ba7302a8f8e6d78ded58a3
PDF Text
Text
Assembly Members Representing
Santa Cruz County, 1849-2008
1849-1862
Between 1849 and 1862, the Legislature met annually. For Assembly Members, the term of
office was one year.
Year Session
1849
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Name
Party
Per Lee, Theron R.
Kellogg, E.B.
Stephenson, Charles P.
Kittridge, F.M.
Stow, William W.
none
Independent
Democrat
Democrat
Whig
Blackburn, William
Miles, Benjamin H.
Willson, Israel C.
Imus, Hiram A.
Halsted, James L.
Ford, Charles
Eagar, Thomas
American
Democrat
Independent
Anti-Lecompton Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Republican
1863-1902
From 1863 to 1945, the Legislature met every other year. From 1863 on, the term of office for
an Assembly Member was two years (it had been one year.)
Year Session
1863
1863
1865
1867
1869
1871
14
15
16
17
18
19
Name
Willson, Israel C.
Devoe, Alfred
Anthony, William
Pardee, George
Hihn, F.A.
Bockius, G.W.
Party
Union
Union
Union
Union
Independent
Republican
�1873
1875
1877
1880
1881
1883
1885
1887
1889
1891
1893
1895
1897
1899
1901
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Thomas, Charles
Rice, Henry
Pace, George
Anthony, Elihu
Cunningham, James F.
Heath, Lucien
Independent
Democrat
Democrat
Work
Democrat
Republican
Cope, Jesse
Hall, James A.
Galbraith, W.H.
Adams, P.R.
Osborn, B.S.
Aldridge, Frank
Radcliff, George G.
Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat/People's Party
Republican
1903-1946
From 1863 to 1945, the Legislature met every other year. Term of office was two years for an
Assembly Member.
Year
Session
1903
35
1905
1907
1909
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921-1925
1927
1929
1931
1933
1935
1937-1945
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44-46
47
48
49
50
51
52-56
Name
Party
Duffey, A.D.
(unseated by)
Wanzer, Harry S.
Cleveland, George C.
Lucas, H.C.
Maher, J.B.
Democrat
Bowman, D.D.
McPherson, H.E.
Hudson, R.H.
Price, Champ S.
Cleveland, George C.
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Snyder, Bert B.
Jespersen, Chris N.
Snyder, Bert B.
Kallam, Clifford R.
Republican
Republican
Republican
Democrat/Republican
Leonard, Jacob M.
Republican/Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
�1947From 1947 to 1972, the Legislature met annually; odd-numbered years were general sessions
and even-numbered years were budget sessions. From 1973 on, the Legislature has met in twoyear sessions with no limitations on the type of bills that could be introduced. The Legislative
Sessions were no longer numbered after the 57th session (1947). Beginning with the 1992
election, the County was split between two Assembly Districts. The majority of the County was
in the 27th District; a portion of the southern part of the County was in the 28th Assembly
District. Term of office for an Assembly Member is two years.
Year
1947-1952
1953-1962
1963-1966
1967-1976
1977-1980
1981-1992
1992 (27th)
1992 (28th )
1993 (27th)
Special Election
1994 (27th)
1994 (28th)
1996 (27th)
1996 (28th)
1998 (27th)
1998 (28th)
2000 (27th)
2000 (28th)
2002 (27th)
2002 (28th)
2004 (27th)
2004 (28th)
2006 (27th)
2006 (28th)
2008 (27th)
2008 (28th)
Name
Party
Grunsky, Donald L.
Coolidge, Glenn E.
Patee, Alan G.
Murphy, Frank Jr.
Mello, Henry
Farr, Sam
Farr, Sam
To Congress 1993
Areias, Rusty
Bruce McPherson
Republican/Democrat
Republican/Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Bruce McPherson
Peter Frusetta
Fred Keeley
Peter Frusetta
Fred Keeley
Peter Frusetta
Fred Keeley
Simon Salinas
John Laird
Simon Salinas
John Laird
Simon Salinas
John Laird
Anna M. Caballero
Bill Monning
Anna M. Caballero
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Source of Information: California Blue Book or State Roster. Sacramento: State Printing Office.
It is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to
completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history
article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
��
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Title
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Fugitive Facts
Description
An account of the resource
Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.
While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented.
If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
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A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Digital file
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Assembly Members Representing Santa Cruz County
Subject
The topic of the resource
Politics and Government
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1849-2008
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TEXT
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
FF-ASSEMBLY
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Santa Cruz (County)
California
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Government
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/498e6c25a63a453a421b565153b33af1.pdf
4d8ce0b174f890b0504000da15bef8f5
PDF Text
Text
Capitola Councils and Mayors, 1949-2017
Date
Mayor
1/10/1949 Harlan Kessler
4/18/1950 Bradley MacDonald
1/15/1952 William Daley
4/20/1954 William Daley
4/17/1956 Joe Tabacchini
1
Council Members
Martin Adamson
Harry Bowles
Bradley MacDonald
J.C. Rosensteel
Elmer Anderson
S. Clair Ellis
Joe Tabacchini
Russell B. Tripp
Charles Dixon
S. Clair Ellis
Joe Tabacchini
Otto VanBuren
Albert Meek
Peggy Slatter
Joe Tabacchini
W.D. White
Homer Berry
Ruth F. Gabrielsen
Albert Meek
W.D. White
�4/15/1958 Joe Tabacchini
4/19/1960 Joe Tabacchini
1/17/1961 Homer Berry
4/17/1962 Andrew Antonetti
4/21/1964 Andrew Antonetti
4/12/1966 Phillip J. Walker
4/16/1968 John Lappin
4/21/1970 Phillip Walker
2
Homer Berry
Ruth Gabrielsen
Jack Nicol
Alger Nusbaum
Homer Berry
John Hesketh
Jack Nicol
Alger Nusbaum
Andrew Antonetti
John Hesketh
Jack Nicol
Alger Nusbaum
Anthony Fontes
John Hesketh
Frank Layton
Lee Miller
Anthony Fontes
Frank Layton
Lee Miller
Joseph L. Morrison
Andrew Antonetti
Wayne Fontes
John C. Lappin
Joseph Morrison
Frank J. Beccaria
Wayne Fontes
Ronald Graves
Phillip Walker
Frank Beccaria
Ronald Graves
John Lappin
Hill Nelson
�
John Lappin
Hill Nelson
Michael Routh
Phillip Walker
(replaced by Gene Delucchi 7/3/73)
John Dixon
Ronald Graves
Tom Mason
Michael Routh
John Dixon
Ronald Graves
Hill Nelson
Michael Routh
Jerry Clarke
Robert Garcia
Ronald Graves
Carin Mudgett
4/10/1980 Jerry Clarke
Robert Garcia
Ronald Graves
Carin Mudgett
Michael Routh
4/15/1982 Ronald Graves
Dennis Beltram
Robert Bucher
Jerry Clarke
Michael Routh
4/12/1984 Michael Routh
Dennis Beltram
Robert Bucher
Jerry Clarke
Stephanie Harlan
4/10/1986 Robert Bucher
Jerry Clarke
Ronald Graves
Stephanie Harlan
Michael Routh
4/14/1988 Jerry Clarke
Robert Bucher
Ronald Graves
Stephanie Harlan
4/18/1972 Ronald Graves
3/12/1974 Hill Nelson
3/9/1976
Tom Mason
3/14/1978 Michael Routh
3
�
Michael Routh
An * indicates that the person was elected that year. If there is a date after the name, it indicates the date the
council member became Mayor/Vice Mayor.
Date
Mayor
Council Members
4/12/1990 Stephanie Harlan *
Robert Bucher *
Jerry Clarke *
Ronald Graves
Michael Routh
4/14/1992 Ronald Graves
Robert Bucher
Jerry Clarke
Margaret Fabrizio *
Michael Routh *
4/12/1994 Margaret Fabrizio
Robert Garcia *
Ronald Graves *
Stephanie Harlan *
Michael Routh
11/5/1996 Robert Garcia
(12/3/96)
Stephanie Harlan
(11/13/97)
Margaret Fabrizio *
Ronald Graves, Vice Mayor
(11/13/97)
Tony Gualtieri *
Stephanie Harlan
11/3/1998 Tony Gualtieri
(11/30/98)
Bruce Arthur
(12/9/99)
11/7/00
Dennis Norton
(11/30/00)
Gayle Ortiz
(11/20/01)
Bruce Arthur *, Vice Mayor
(11/30/98)
Margaret Fabrizio
(Resigned 3/23/00)
Stephanie Harlan *
Dennis Norton *, Vice Mayor
(12/9/99)
Gayle Ortiz
(Appointed to fill unexpired term 4/20/00)
Bruce Arthur
Tony Gualtieri *, Vice Mayor
(11/20/01)
Stephanie Harlan
Gayle Ortiz *, Vice Mayor
(11/30/00)
4
�11/5/02
Tony Gualtieri
(11/26/02)
Stephanie Harlan
(11/25/03)
11/2/04
Bruce Arthur
(11/23/04)
Dennis Norton
(11/22/05)
11/7/06
Michael Termini
(12/14/06)
Kirby Nicol
(12/13/07)
11/4/08
11/2/10
11/6/12
11/4/14
11/8/16
Bob Begun
(12/4/08)
Sam Storey
(12/10/09)
Dennis Norton
(12/8/10)
Michael Termini
(12/8/11)
Stepanie Harlan
(12/5/12)
Sam Storey
(12/12/13)
Dennis Norton
(12/11/14)
Ed Bottorff
(12/10/15)
Stephanie Harlan
(12/8/16)
Bruce Arthur *, Vice Mayor
(11/25/03)
Stephanie Harlan *, Vice Mayor
(11/26/02)
Dennis Norton *
Gayle Ortiz
Dennis Norton, Vice Mayor
(11/23/04)
Michael Termini *, Vice Mayor
(11/22/05)
Stephanie Harlan
Kirby Nicol *
Bob Begun *, Vice Mayor
(12/13/07)
Ronald Graves *
Kirby Nicol, Vice Mayor
(12/14/06)
Sam Storey *
Sam Storey, Vice Mayor
(12/4/08)
Ronald Graves
Kirby Nicol
Dennis Norton * Vice Mayor
(12/10/09)
Bob Begun
Michael Termini*, Vice Mayor
Stephanie Harlan*
Kirby Nicol
Sam Storey*
Sam Storey,Vice Mayor
Ed Bottorff*
Dennis Norton*
Michael Termini
Ed Bottorff, Vice Mayor
Jacques Bertrand*
Stephanie Harlan*
Michael Termini*
Michael Termini, Vice Mayor
Jacques Bertrand
Ed Bottorff*
Kristen Petersen
5
�Updated 8/2017
Information provided by the City of Capitola. It is the Library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for
the Library to completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are
incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the Library.
6
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fugitive Facts
Description
An account of the resource
Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.
While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented.
If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Digital file
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Capitola Councils and Mayors
Subject
The topic of the resource
City Council
Mayors
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1949-2017
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TEXT
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
FF-CAPITOLA
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Capitola
Government
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/b5a8bf18342f21acbe549bd89fe78ad6.pdf
e2e2d3544312605b3c3507cb84543515
PDF Text
Text
Congressmen Representing Santa Cruz County,
1850-1905
1850-1865
California was admitted into the Union as a state on September 9, 1850. Based on the 1840
Census, California was allowed two representatives to the House, beginning with the 31st
Congress. The apportionment based on the Census of 1860 granted California a third seat.
Representatives were elected from the state at-large from the 31st to the 38th Congress.
Year
Congress
1850-1851 31st
1851-1853 32nd
1853-1855 33rd
1855-1857 34th
1857-1859 35th
1859-1861 36th
1861-1863 37th
1863-1865 38th
Representatives At-Large
Party
Edward Gilbert, San Francisco
George W. Wright, San Francisco
Edward C. Marshall, Sonora
Joseph W. McCorkle, Marysville
Milton S. Latham, Sacramento
James A. McDougall, San Franciso
James W. Denver, Weaverville
Philemon T. Herbert, Mariposa City
Joseph C. McKibbin, Downieville
Charles L. Scott, Sonora
Charles L. Scott, Sonora
John C. Burch, Weaverville
Frederick F. Low, San Francisco
Timothy G. Phelps, San Mateo
Aaron A. Sargent, Nevada City
Cornelius Cole, Santa Cruz
William Higby, Mokelumne Hill
Thomas B. Shannon, Quincy
Democrat
Independent
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Anti-Broderick Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
�1865-1905
Year
Congress
District
1865-1867
1867-1869
1869-1871
1871-1873
1873-1875
1875-1877
1877-1878
39th
40th
41st
42nd
43rd
44th
45th
1st
1st
1st
1st
4th
4th
4th
1878-1879
1879-1881
45th
46th
4th
4th
1881-1883
47th
4th
1883-1885
1885-1887
1887-1889
1889-1891
1891-1893
1893-1895
1895-1897
1897-1899
1899-1901
1901-1903
1903-1905
48th
49th
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
58th
4th
5th
5th
5th
6th
6th
6th
6th
6th
6th
6th
Representative
Donald C. McRuer, San Francisco
Samuel B. Axtell, San Francisco
Samuel B. Axtell, San Francisco
Sherman O. Houghton, San Jose
Sherman O. Houghton, San Jose
Peter D. Wigginton, Merced
Romualdo Pacheco, San Luis
Obispo
Peter D. Wigginton, Merced
Romualdo Pacheco, San Luis
Obispo
Romualdo Pacheco, San Luis
Obispo
Pleasant B. Tully, Gilroy
Charles N. Felton, San Francisco
Charles N. Felton, San Francisco
Thomas J. Clunie, San Francisco
William W. Bowers, San Diego
Marion Cannon, Ventura
James McLachlan, Pasadena
Charles A. Barlow, San Luis Obispo
Russell J. Waters
James McLachlan, Pasadena
James C. Needham, Modesto
Party
Republican
Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
People's
Republican
Populist
Republican
Republican
Republican
Information was verified in the Biographical Directory of the American Congress 1774-1971. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1971.
It is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to
completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history
article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fugitive Facts
Description
An account of the resource
Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.
While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented.
If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Digital file
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Congressmen Representing Santa Cruz County
Subject
The topic of the resource
Politics and Government
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850-1905
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TEXT
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
FF-CONGRESSMEN
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Santa Cruz (County)
California
Government
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/582532471e488e2af1096775f38d6f10.pdf
3621a20fc4b9b2ca2dc2ee437e85bd4d
PDF Text
Text
Governors of California, 1849-2017
Term
1849-1851
1851-1852
1852-1856
1856-1858
1858-1860
1860
1860-1862
1862-1863
1863-1867
1867-1871
1871-1875
1875
1875-1880
1880-1883
1883-1887
1887
1887-1891
1891-1895
1895-1899
1899-1903
1903-1907
1907-1911
1911-1917
1917-1923
1923-1927
1927-1931
1931-1934
1934-1939
1939-1943
1943-1953
1953-1959
1959-1967
Name
Peter H. Burnett
John McDougal
John Bigler
John Neely Johnson
John B. Weller
Milton S. Latham
John G. Downey
Leland Stanford
Frederick F. Low
Henry H. Haight
Newton Booth
Romualdo Pacheco
William Irwin
George C. Perkins
George Stoneman
Washington Bartlett
Robert W. Waterman
Henry H. Markham
James H. Budd
Henry T. Gage
George C. Pardee
James N. Gillett
Hiram W. Johnson
William D. Stephens
Friend William Richardson
Clement C. Young
James Rolph, Jr.
Frank F. Merriam
Culbert L. Olson
Earl Warren
Goodwin J. Knight
Edmund G. "Pat" Brown
Party
Independent Democrat
Independent Democrat
Democrat
American
Democrat
Lecompton Democrat
Lecompton Democrat
Republican
Union
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
�1967-1975
1975-1983
1983-1991
1991-1999
1999-2003
2003-2011
2011-
Ronald Reagan
Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.
George Deukmejian
Pete Wilson
Gray Davis (recalled)
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Edmund G. “Jerry” Brown, Jr.
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Republican
Democrat
Republican
Democrat
Data from California's Legislature, published by the California State Assembly, 1984 & 2000; World Book
Encyclopedia 1998; Governors of California Gallery, developed by the California State Library.
Updated 7/2017
It is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to
completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history
article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fugitive Facts
Description
An account of the resource
Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.
While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented.
If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Digital file
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Governors of California
Subject
The topic of the resource
Politics and Government
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1849-2017
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TEXT
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
FF-GOVERNORS
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
California
Government