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Subsequent studies and evaluations conducted within the city limits for the purposes of\nsatisfying national, state, and county regulations largely have been based on information provided in the 1986\nsurvey.\nIn 1986, the City sponsored a city-wide survey of 107 buildings and structures for the purposes of streamlining\ndevelopment planning, highlighting tangible links to the past, and facilitating the preparation of future\nhistorical resource reports, most importantly NRHP nominations. Rowe & Associates team members\nconducted a street-by-street canvas of the city's building stock and took notes and photographs of structures\n\"of architectural interest.\" The field survey listed structures more than 50 years old (as of 1986) that had\n\"retained their architectural integrity over time.\" After \"a broad, representative list emerged,\" the results\nwere plotted on maps and \"potential historic districts defined.\" \"Significant\" individual structures were also\nrecorded as buildings of local interest. (Rowe & Associates 1986.)\nThe results of the survey determined that there were \"about 240 structures that best represent traditional\narchitectural styles locally or the community's vernacular architecture\"; these structures were listed in the\nsurvey. The survey also identified \"several\" buildings of local interest that \"are eligible for inclusion on the\nCalifornia Historic Resources Inventory and eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.\"\nAlong with the list of 12 individual buildings and structures \"considered to be of local interest,\" the report\nlisted three historic districts, including the \"Old Riverview Avenue area,\" \"Six Sisters-Lawn Way area,\" and the\n\"Venetian Court area.\" (Rowe & Associates 1986.) These districts were identified as eligible resources\nfollowing consultation with the State Office of Historic Preservation. The districts were considered areas with a\ncommon historical \"theme\" and architecture that \"convey[s] a sense of the past and [is] significant in the\ncommunity's development.\" The three districts were listed within the National Register between April 1987\nand January 1988 (National Park Service 2001).\n\n1\n\n�The body of the Rowe & Associates survey report consisted of a list of addresses and locations for all surveyed\nbuildings and structures, photographs (taken in 1986) of each, along with approximate dates of construction\nand brief descriptions (including styles, materials, and ownership information when it was available). ...\nConcurrent with the completion of the 1986 Rowe & Associates survey, Charles Rowe and Roger Hathaway\nprepared an NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form for the Old Riverview Avenue Historic District. The district\ndescribed in the nomination form consisted of 57 properties, 46 (81%) of which were contributing (i.e., they\ncontributed to the historic character of the district). The district's buildings included modest one and twofamily, wood-frame homes of summer cottages constructed between approximately 1935 and 1930.\nArchitectural styles notes were an informal mix of \"Bungalow, Craftsman, and vernacular styles; several\nbuildings also show influences of the Spanish Colonial Style.\" Integrity was noted as high, with modifications\nwitnessed primarily with regards to doors and windows. The noncontributing infill was described as\n\"compatible with the 'beach-cottage' style of architecture which predominates.\" (National Park Service 1986.)\nThe Old Riverview Avenue district's boundaries were described as bounded on the west by Soquel Creek, on\nthe east by Riverview Drive, on the south by Stockton Avenue, and on the north by a point just north of the\nintersection of Riverview Drive and Oak Drive. This point was characterized as the place where \"the district's\nearly twentieth-century colony [is distinguished from] altered and modern dwellings.\" The railroad trestle and\nthe narrow creek-side walkway are also noted feature of the district. (National Park Service 1986.) Addresses\nincluded in the district extend the western boundary to a point west of the west bank of Soquel Creek (to\ninclude 1720 and 1720A Wharf Road); the district also incorporates nine buildings between Bluegum Avenue\nand Capitola Avenue.\n\nAffected Environment\nHistoric Setting\nThe incorporated City of Capitola is located along the Pacific coast of Santa Cruz County. One of the original 27\nCalifornia counties established in 1850, the boundaries of Santa Cruz County (initially named Branciforte\nCounty, but changed that year) were altered only once in 1868 when the northern limit was moved south (Coy\n1973). Capitola is located midway up the coast of the county, approximately 5 miles from Santa Cruz. Soquel\nCreek creates a dividing line between two portions of Capitola, with residences to the north of the creek and a\nmixture of business, entertainment, and residences along the south side of the creek.\n\nEarly Exploration: 1769-1797\nIn July 1769, the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portola, accompanied by Father Juan Crespi, left San Diego to find\nand settle Monterey Bay. After being forced inland by the Santa Lucia Mountains, the expedition followed the\nSalinas River to Monterey Bay. However, confusion in the description of a previous expedition misled the\nexplorers to believe they had not reached their destination, and they proceeded north along the coast. This\nroute sent the team through areas now known as Watsonville, Capitola, and Santa Cruz. The path they took\nfrom San Diego became part of El Camino Real, and the Franciscan missionaries subsequently established\nMission Santa Cruz in 1791 and nearby Villa de Branciforte (a pueblo or town) in 1797 (Beck and Haase 1974).\n2\n\n�Rancho Soquel: 1833-1860\nBy 1833, Mexico had assumed control of the area. The early steps of secularization, as authorized by Mexican\nGovernor Jose Figueroa, freed all mission landholdings, as well as several large tracts of land, and authorized\nland ownership by private persons (Rawls and Bean 1993). Granting of the large \"ranchos,\" some of which\ncontained over 32,000 acres in (modern) Santa Cruz County, was intended to encourage settlement of the\narea by Mexican citizens, who primarily raised cattle (Rawls and Bean 1993, State Lands Commissions 1982).\nMartina Castro (daughter of Mexican governor of California [1835-1836] Jose Castro) obtained a grant to\nRancho Shoquel (more commonly known as \"Soquel\" and referred to hereafter as such) from Governor\nFigueroa in November 1833. After the United States annexation of California in 1848, and as stipulated under\nthe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Castro applied for a patent to her land in April 1852. Eight years later, after a\nformal survey of the land was conducted and confirmed by the Land Commission in 1854, Castro was issued a\nformal patent to the 1,668.03-acre Rancho Soquel. This rancho was roughly bounded by Soquel Creek to the\nwest, Borregas Creek to the east, and a northern boundary line approximately 1 mile north of the beach. Also\nin 1854, Castro acquired a patent to the much larger 32,702.41-acre \"Shoquel Augmentation\" rancho located\ndirectly north of Rancho Soquel (Hart 1978, Hoffman 1862, Perez 1996, U.S. Geological Survey 1954, R 1994).\nDuring Mexican tenure, the (modern) Capitola beach area was referred to as La Playa de Soquel and remained\nvirtually undeveloped during the ranch period (1834-1846). Following the Gold Rush of 1848, large tracts of\nformer ranchos were divided into smaller parcels that eventually provided land for newcomers to the state.\nDuring this period, Soquel Landing developed into a more formal schooner landing that serviced ships\ndelivering San Francisco goods to local markets (Kyle 1990).\n\nEarly Development of Capitola: 1869-1913\nCapitola's early development is directly associated with Frederick A. Hihn, an entrepreneur and gold-seeker\nborn in Germany. Having amassed a small fortune in gold, Hihn settled in the Soquel region by 1869 and\nestablished Camp Capitola on the La Playa de Soquel property 7 years later. Hihn had quickly realized the\npossible demand for a beach tourist stop along the Santa Cruz Railroad Company route established through\nthe area in 18874 (Gudde 1969, Robertson 1998); Camp Capitola was Hihn's response to the anticipated\ndemand. Hihn's name for the new camp was an apparent play on the term \"capitol.\" Hihn likely saw an\nopportunity to suggest locating the state capitol at Camp Capitola. By 1876, the Santa Cruz Railroad Company\nline extended to Pajaro, and the Camp Capitola resort grew and quickly became a leading summer vacation\nspot for numerous central California residents (Robertson 1998, Rowe & Associates 1986).\nIn the years between 1876 and his death in 1913, Hihn continued to acquire holdings and guide the\ndevelopment of Capitola. Acting as a land speculator, Hihn bought and sold lots and oversaw the construction\nof numerous hotels and other recreation facilities (Lydon & Swift 1978). Like many seaside resorts of the time,\nCapitola quickly gained a reputation as a prime tourist and recreation destination. However, unlike many\nsouthern California beach communities, such as Pismo Beach, with more temperate climates, Capitola\ntransformed from the popular \"Tent City\" format to more a [sic] permanent resort early on (JRP Historical\nConsulting Services 1999, Lydon & Swift 1978, Sanborn 1892). At the turn of the 20th century, the two-lane\nroad between the Santa Clara County town of Los Gatos and the coastal town of Soquel was the primary route\ntaken over the Santa Cruz Mountains by affluent Bay Area residents to cities such as Santa Cruz. The road thus\n3\n\n�earned the name \"Old Santa Cruz Highway,\" which is still used today. Capitola's proximity to Soquel (in\naddition to its easy access via railroad) made Capitola a prime stop for tourists at that time (Beal 1991).\n\nDevelopment of Capitola under Henry Rispin: 1914-1930s\nAfter Hihn's death from pneumonia, his daughter Katherine Cope Henderson sold the Camp Capitola lands in\n1919 to Henry Allen Rispin, a Canadian oil millionaire who had relocated to San Francisco. Rispin planned to\ntransform Capitola into the \"Riviera of the New World\" and promptly renamed the resort town \"Capitola-bythe-Sea.\" By 1920, Rispin owned the entire waterfront; Hotel Capitola; cottage and bathhouse buildings;\nresort concessions; and 30 acres along Soquel Creek, where he built his personal 8-acre estate (Rowe &\nAssociates 1986).\nRispin made many public improvements to the town and began to subdivide and sell residential and\ncommercial lots marketed mostly to people of well-heeled communities such as San Francisco. Under various\ncompany names located in larger Bay Area communities, Rispin distributed literature espousing the virtues of\ncoastal living in an attempt to gain clients (Capitola Properties 1922). His subdivisions under the parent\ncompany, named Bay Head Land Company, led to the development of many new cottages, a deeper\ncommunity interest in Capitola activities and business, and the foundation for the eventual incorporation of\nthe city. Driven by the economic prosperity of the coast region and booming cities such as San Francisco and\nSan Jose in the 1920s, Capitola-by-the-Sea became a thriving resort community, like many of the coastal\nresorts of the time, attracting thousands of summer visitors.\nThe timing of Capitola's development during the early 1920s worked to Rispin's advantage. Tourism to the\narea, and thus access to distant wealthy clients, was facilitated by a number of factors, including the oil boom\nof the Los Angeles area, the subsequent rise in the use of the automobile in California, and improvements of\nhighways by the federal government. The latter phenomenon occurred nationwide and opened up a\nsignificant number of coastal (both Atlantic and Pacific) towns to tourism (Rawls & Bean 1993).\nDuring the early 1920s, the Bay Head Land Company sold numerous lots in subdivisions along the beach and\nSoquel Creek. Economic troubles forced the Bay Head Land Company to cease operations in the area by 1924,\nand the company conveyed all interest to its landholding in order to focus on its San Jose branch. After the Bay\nHead Land Company had left the region, others, such as the Blanchard Company owned by San Francisco\nresident C. E. Blanchard, took up the majority of new subdivisions in northern Capitola (Hoag 1928; Lydon &\nSwift 1978). However, because of the seasonal nature of the tourist trade and competition with nearby Santa\nCruz, Capitola remained a small town. By 1927, the year-round population was reported to be only 500 (Lydon\n& Swift 1978; Rowe & Associates 1986).\nIn December 1929, Hotel Capitola burned to the ground, symbolically ending the success of the 1920s and\nintroducing the disastrous depression of the 1930s. Rispin, like many financiers nationwide, went bankrupt\nwhen the stock market crashed, and many of his holdings were auctioned off in an attempt to pay creditors.\nWith an economy based largely upon the tourist market, Capitola languished through the Great Depression\nand the war years and experienced little development (Rowe & Associates 1986). The 1890s improvement of\nCapitola (from a simple tent resort to a slightly upper-class permanent resort) later may have become an\nobstacle to attracting large numbers of tourists; during the depression, railroad tourism declined substantially,\n4\n\n�and lower- to middle-class \"automobile\" vacationers returned to the more economical tent camps (Belasco\n1979).\n\nModern Development: 1949-Present\nThe residents of Capitola succeeded in their campaign to incorporate in 1949; the new city supported a\npopulation of less than 2,000 at that time. Despite the major expansion and growth witnessed throughout the\nstate after the conclusion of World War II, Capitola's growth and development remained slow. Although three\nroutes over the summit of the Santa Cruz Mountains (the Los Gatos-Soquel route, a road along Bear Creek,\nand the \"Glenwood\" route) existed before the 1940 completion of modern Highway 17, all were considered\nwinding and arduous by travelers reliant on automobiles. Whereas the Los Gatos-Soquel route was heavily\ntraveled up to the early 20th century, the construction of Highway 17 in 1940 brought the largest number of\nautomobiles to the south side of the mountains (Beal 1991). The construction of this conduit to San Jose, and\nthe subsequent improvement to Route 1 between Santa Cruz and Watsonville, served to concentrate\ndevelopment in these two areas, and left the towns in between, such as Capitola, to languish (Beal 1991).\nIn the 1970s, Capitola began to urbanize once again through accelerated residential growth and the\nannexation of surrounding lands. One example of annexation included the 41st Avenue area west of Soquel\nCreek. This region was historically part of the James Brown dairy ranch. The annexed area became the\ncounty's regional shopping center and modern business district (Lydon & Swift 1978).\nDespite development beyond the original Camp Capitola tract, the village area and beach continue to thrive\nand attract tourists as they did when Hihn and Rispin controlled the beach-front land and recreational\nactivities. Today, Capitola remains a popular tourist stop, as well as bedroom community, for many of the\nsurrounding urban areas. In addition, over the last 30 years, Capitola has continued to experience a\nconsiderable amount of growth, particularly in its outlying area beyond the limits of the original town.\n\nSource\nExcerpted from: Draft Environmental Impact Report: 505, 505 1/2, and 505A Riverview Drive, City of Capitola,\nAugust 2001; Appendix A. Historical Resource Design Review for 505, 505 1/2 and 505A Riverview Drive,\nprepared June 2001, Jones and Stokes, pp. 1-9.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to completely\nverify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are\nincorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n5\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893298"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Hinkle. Construction on the Auditorium wasn’t completed until the early\nmonths of 1940, but the need for such a building had been prevalent for many years. The Auditorium was built as part of\nan improvement campaign that also included the building of a new City Hall and a Fire Station in the late 1930s.\nThe over-all cost of constructing the Auditorium was slightly over $200,000. Of this amount, the Public Works\nAdministration allotted $121,295.\nTwo men who played a key role in getting the Auditorium built were Mayor Hinkle and State Senator, Mr. H.R. Judah.\nBoth of these men worked endlessly for the passage of a bond issue that would appropriate the funds needed to\nconstruct the Auditorium. The bond issue was passed on September 20, 1938 by a three to one margin and less than\ntwo years later, the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium became a reality.\nThe Auditorium was built in such a manner that it became one of the more effective multi-purpose facilities in central\nand northern California. Permanent seating for almost 1200 spectators was provided in a stadium-like effect around the\nmain floor. Additional moveable seats could also be set up on the main floor.\nThe Auditorium stage was built at dimensions that would provide an abundance of room for any kind of dramatic\nproductions.\nThe first Manager of the Civic Auditorium was the previously mentioned H.R. Judah. Being the first Auditorium Manager\nmeant the Mr. Judah would have to face an endless array of initial event scheduling problems and these problems were\nsolved only because of Mr. Judah’s endless dedication to his job.\nThroughout the years, the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium has been the home for such events as the Miss California Beauty\nPageant and for concerts of the Santa Cruz Civic Symphony. The Auditorium has been used by the local schools for their\nbasketball games. Numerous service groups have held their State Conventions in the Civic Auditorium at one time or\nanother. The Auditorium has also been the hope of the Santa Cruz Chamber of Commerce.\nOne of the more pleasing additions to the Auditorium took place in late 1963, when the electronic Carillon was installed\nin the Parks and Recreation Department office in the Civic Auditorium. The Carillon was donated to the City by Mr. and\nMrs. Harold C. Timberlake of Las Vegas as a memorial to Mr. and Mrs. Smith N. Tiffany, long time Santa Cruz residents.\nThe Carillon can be played by a keyboard inside the Auditorium or by a tape which electronically operates the Carillon.\nThe music is amplified and beamed out over the downtown area by loudspeakers atop the Auditorium. The music is\nplayed each day at noon and at five in the afternoon. Mrs. Sylvia McDonough, Santa Cruz organist, plays the Carillon and\nshe also spends endless hours editing musical scores that are later played on the Carillon.\n1\n\n�In the last few years, numerous improvements have been made in and around the Civic Auditorium. There has been a\nvast number of improvements in the equipment used for stage productions. Seating in the auditorium has been\nrefurbished. In fact, the materials used in the refurbishing the seating are identical to those used in each seat at the\nworld famous Astrodome.\nThe current Manager of the Civic Auditorium is Mr. J. Newell Maddock. The Auditorium is only one of Mr. Maddock’s\nmany responsibilities, for he is responsible for every public building in Santa Cruz. This includes such facilities as the new\nCity Hall annex and the new Public Library.\nPresently, the Civic Auditorium has events scheduled on one hundred days a year, but this doesn’t include numerous\ndays where rehearsals and practices are scheduled. It can readily be seen that the demand for current Auditorium use is\nhigh.\nOne proposal that might affect the future of the Auditorium is the current plan to construct a Convention Center in\nSanta Cruz. The presence of a Convention Center in Santa Cruz might cause an even greater demand for the use of\nindoor arena type facilities. This demand will also probably cause an even greater use of Civic Auditorium facilities. The\nbuilding has given such vital services throughout the years that it will probably continue to be one of the most valuable\nfacilities for the people of Santa Cruz in future years.\n\nSources\n•\n\nText from: \"The History of the Santa Cruz Parks and Recreation Department\". City of Santa Cruz, 1968, pp.1516.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n2\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264234"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264223"},["text","History of the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264224"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264225"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264226"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264227"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264228"},["text","Civic Auditorium"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264229"},["text","City of Santa Cruz"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264230"},["text","Text from: \"The History of the Santa Cruz Parks and Recreation Department\". City of Santa Cruz, 1968, pp.15-16."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264231"},["text","1968"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264232"},["text","AR-001"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264233"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"24"},["name","Buildings"]],["tag",{"tagId":"13"},["name","Landmarks"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"134488","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"21631"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/360e6e98ab937d2b97dca8a4c7cba231.pdf"],["authentication","da2b4b0cf689e40f51bee331b9440e16"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1900404"},["text","Buildings Demolished in Downtown Santa Cruz as a Result\nof the Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989\nPacific Avenue\n1549\n1547\n1539\n1537\n1531\n1529\n1527\n1523\n1521\nPacific Avenue\n1405\nPacific Avenue\n1369-1379\n\n1500 Block\nSanta Cruz Coffee Roasting Company\nBookshop Santa Cruz* (1899), Cafezinho\nWestern Vision\nPenniman Title\nModern Life* (Drennan Building, 1910)\nGold Camel\nZwerling Optometrist\nSanta Cruz Hardware\nChi Pants\n1400 Block\nGottschalks (partial)\n1300 Block\nRittenhouse Building\nExpress Limited\nBody Options\nAngelica's\n1363\nLilly Marlene's\n1353\nShockley's\n1349\nRoberts\n1347\nRevelations\nPacific Avenue 1200 Block\n1201-1211\nHihn Building* (Medical-Dental Building, 1894)\nSparkle\nGergen's Hallmark\nRoyal Cleaners\nUpstairs offices\n1\n\n�Pacific Avenue\n1125\n1123\n1121\n1117\n1116\n1114\n1111\n1110\n\n1100 Block\nAthletic Express\nGensler Lee\nPipeline\nLogos Books (partial)\nAcapulco Restaurant\nColonial Hotel\nPlaza Books (partial)* (Hotel Metropole, 1908)\nGood Times Building\nFolk Arts\nBlue Moon Cafe\n1101\nFord's Department Store\nPacific Avenue 1000 Block\n1012-14\nGreenpeace\nUpper Crust\n1001\nSpodick's Furniture\nCooper Street 100 Block\n107\nShandrydan* (1894)\n109\nShen's Gallery* (1894)\n110\nCooper House* (1894)\nFront Street 400 Block\n440\nRunyan's\n*Buildings listed in Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey\n\nSource\nCity Quake Report. Santa Cruz: City of Santa Cruz, December 1989. p. 6.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to completely\nverify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are\nincorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n2\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893888"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893874"},["text","AR-185"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893875"},["text","Buildings Demolished in Downtown Santa Cruz as a Result of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893876"},["text","Earthquake-1989"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893877"},["text","Pacific Avenue"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893878"},["text","Stores and Shops"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893879"},["text","City of Santa Cruz"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893880"},["text"," \"City Quake Report.\" Santa Cruz, Ca.: City of Santa Cruz, December 1989. p. 6."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893881"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893882"},["text","1989-12"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893883"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893884"},["text","1980s"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893885"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893886"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893887"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"24"},["name","Buildings"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Business"]],["tag",{"tagId":"25"},["name","Disasters and Accidents"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"130737","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"13841"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/aa1465611aedbbabe44a9f362d9fbbba.pdf"],["authentication","fbf2b1c35d95edc764fb366a021cac91"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894655"},["text","The Spreckels Era in Rio Del Mar, 1872–1922\nBy Allen Collins\n\nThe ranch lands Claus Spreckels purchased in 1872 for about $81,000 comprised almost all of today's Rio Del Mar (ca.\n1,150 acres), all of today's Seascape (ca. 500 acres), and nearly 1,000 acres north of today's Highway 1, extending up\nAptos Creek, Cathedral Drive, Trout Gulch and Valencia Creeks.\nAptos was a remote village in 1872. It was a two day trip from San Francisco, where the Spreckels maintained their\nprincipal residence, a 4-story mansion at the corner of Van Ness Avenue and Washington Street. The preferred stagecoach route over the mountains from Los Gatos was the so-called \"Santa Clara Turnpike\", completed in 1858 - a wagon\nroad following today's Old San Jose road into Soquel. A secondary route was the so-called \"Santa Cruz Turnpike\", also\ncompleted in 1858—it followed today's Glenwood Road into Santa Cruz. This road, incidentally, became the preferred\nroute when it was paved in 1915, and re- routed as Highway 17 in 1934.\nSignificantly, there were no connecting railroads into our Santa Cruz County in 1872. The Southern Pacific had\ncompleted a road from Gilroy into Monterey the year before—it passed through the village of Pajaro, but did not cross\nthe river into our Santa Cruz County. Our first rail link to the \"outside\" was the Santa Cruz Railroad Company's line,\ncompleted in 1876—it followed the same route as today's trackage through Aptos and Rio Del Mar, and terminated at\nthe Southern Pacific's Pajaro junction. Santa Cruz freight moving in either direction had to be reloaded in Pajaro, for the\nSouthern Pacific system was broad-gauge and the local system was narrow-gauge. This changed, however, when the\nSouthern Pacific purchased the local line in 1882, and broad-gauged it in 1883.\nAs an aside, the South Pacific Coast Railroad, a narrow-gauge from the San Francisco ferry terminal in Alameda to Santa\nCruz, over and though the mountains from Los Gatos, was completed in 1880. This system was purchased by Southern\nPacific in 1887, was broad-gauged after the earthquake in 1906, and ceased operations in 1940.\nAnd then, 25-years later, the Ocean Shore Railroad, a broad-gauge system from San Francisco to Santa Cruz along the\ncoast was a dream that never quite came true. By 1906, it was operating over the 14 miles between Santa Cruz and\nSwanton. By 1908, it was operating between San Francisco and Tunitas Glen. The 26 miles in between were never\ncompleted; stage service was provided. Operations ceased in 1920. Much of today's Highway I north of Half Moon Bay is\non that old railroad bed, including the still troublesome \"Devil's Slide\" area.\nSome words about Claus Spreckels and his family, before we discuss his many contributions to the Aptos/Rio Del Mar\narea.\nClaus Spreckels was born in 1828 and was raised in the little town of Lamstedt, in the independent Kingdom of Hanover.\nThe town exists today, about 30-miles west of Hamburg, Germany.\n\n1\n\n�All of Europe was in political turmoil while Claus was growing up, particularly the various independent \"kingdoms\"\nthroughout what we now know as Germany and Poland. It was the long, drawn-out so-called European revolution of the\n1840's.\nClaus ran away from it all. At age 17 he took a ship to New York, alone. He could speak no English. On exchange, he had\nless than one U.S. dollar when he stepped onto the streets of the big city. He took a job in a grocery store for $4.00 per\nmonth; the boss provided occasional meals and permitted him to sleep in the store. Five years later, in 1849, he could\nspeak English fluently and he understood the grocery business. It was then that he bought a grocery in Charleston, SC,\nand went into business for himself.\nAnna Christina Mangels, his childhood sweetheart, immigrated to New York in 1849 and found work as a maid. They\nfound each other, married in 1852, and had their first child (John D.) in 1853. A couple of years later, they sold their\nCharleston store and bought a New York grocery. That didn't work out, so in 1856 they headed for California. It was by\nship to Panama, by mule across the Isthmus, and by ship to San Francisco. Claus was 28 and Anna was 26 at this time. In\nSan Francisco, it was another grocery store .. on lower Pine Street.\nThe S.F. store was not enough to keep Claus busy, so he started a brewery in 1857. In 1863, he sold his store for $50,000\nand his brewery for $75,000 and organized the small Bay Area Sugar Refinery in San Francisco, and this business, like\nthose before, boomed. In 1866, he reorganized and built the California Sugar Refinery in San Francisco to produce 12\ntons per day. By 1869, he was producing 60 tons per day. By 1871, 125 tons per day. In 1881, he completed a whole new\nrefinery in San Francisco, producing 900 tons per day! All of this was from sugar cane imported from Hawaii, the\nPhilippines, China, Java and the Sacramento River Delta (by barge). Traditionally, the brand-name for the Spreckels\nproduct was \"Sea Island Sugar\"—remember?\nTry to imagine two small farms outside the village of Lamstedt in the independent Kingdom of Hanover, in the mid1800s—a town of about 2,500 today 30-miles west of Hamburg, Germany. Claus and brother Peter Spreckels grew up on\nFarm No. 1. Claus and sister Anna Christina Mangels grew up on Farm No. 2. The four kids went to school together. At\nabout the same time, in the Kingdom of Westphalen, further west, Agnes and (twin) sister Anna Lisette Grosse were\ngrowing up an Farm No. 3.\nIn due time, Claus Spreckels married Anna Mangels (1852); Peter Spreckels married Anna Lisette Grosse (1861); and,\nClaus Mangels married Agnes Grosse (1862). Agnes died in 1875 at age 31, and Claus remarried Emma L. Zweig in 1876,\nwhen he was 44 and she was 36.\nIf that was not enough, the three men acting as a partnership, organized the Bay Sugar Refinery in 1863 and the\nCalifornia Sugar Refinery in 1866, both headquartered in San Francisco. Considerable family fortunes eventually grew\nfrom those beginnings.\nClaus and Anna Spreckels had 13 children, but only 5 lived to maturity: John D., Adolph B., Claus A., Rudolph, and Emma.\nIn 1865, at age 37, Claus Spreckels spent 8 months in Germany, studying sugar beet farming and beet sugar refining\nsciences and technologies not yet applied successfully in the United States. Unquestionably, the economic potential of\nsugar from beets, to supplement and/or compete against sugar from cane, had much to do with his purchase of ranch\nproperty in Aptos in 1872. The fact is, he planted sugar beets experimentally on the palisades of today's Rio Del Mar\nwithin months after acquiring the land, and they did well. Thereupon, in 1873, he induced mid- county farmers to grow\nsugar beets (by guaranteeing to buy their crops), and built a small refinery in today's Capitola, about where the\nfirehouse now stands—it was the California Sugar Beet Co. That little plant operated from 1874 to 1879, producing 3.5\ntons per day of finished product during the season. Shipping was out of Soquel Landing (today's Capitola Wharf), and\nsugar beets soon became an important mid-county crop.\n\n2\n\n�It didn't take Claus Spreckels long to realize that the fertile bottom-lands of the vast Pajaro and Salinas valleys were\nbetter suited for sugar beet production than the limited bench-lands of our mid-county. Accordingly, he formed the\nWestern Beet Sugar Co. in 1888, and built an enormous refinery in Watsonville on land donated by Charles Ford; 50 tons\nper day to start, 700 tons per day in 1892, 1,000 tons per day in 1895. This plant operated for 10 years, until it was\nsuperseded by an even larger refinery near Salinas—the town that became Spreckels. In 1898 the new plant was\nproducing 3,000-tons per day! Shipping to/from the Watsonville and Salinas plants was mostly by a private Spreckelsowned narrow-gauge railroad system to/from the docks at Moss Landing.\nOne could argue that the beet sugar industry in the United States was born on the experimental farms of Claus Spreckels\n120 years ago, right here in today's Rio Del Mar.\nAlmost sadly, the Spreckels' Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad became obsolete when good roads and dependable\ntrucks came along; the whole system was sold to the Southern Pacific in 1929 for \"land value\". And then, on July 31,\n1982, the 94 year old Spreckels Sugar Refinery in the town of Spreckels was closed permanently, the victim of \"progress\"\nin the chemistry of sweetening and the technology of farming and refining.\nA man named Frederick Augusta Hihn (pronounced \"heen\", another German immigrant) had been a prominent\nentrepreneur in our country for 20 years before Claus Spreckels arrived. Amongst many other things, Hihn had acquired\nall of the (undeveloped) land comprising today's Capitola, vast timber resources in the Valencia Creek watershed, and\nstrategic parcels of land in and near Aptos Village. Understandably, when (in 1866) the Southern Pacific announced its\nplans to build a railroad from Gilroy to Monterey, Hihn started promoting a connecting line into Santa Cruz County. The\nroad to Monterey was completed in 1871. Within weeks after Claus Spreckels purchased his Aptos Ranch in 1872, he\njoined Hihn in promoting (financially and otherwise) a connecting line into Santa Cruz County—it would pass through his\nproperty, as well as Hihn's.\nBesides the obvious freight advantages, these men saw the economic potential of tourism in mid-county when travel\ntime to the cool coast from the hot valleys and congested Bay Area cities would be reduced from two days to a matter of\nhours. Claus Spreckels started building an enormous semi-private resort hotel complex in today's Rio Del Mar \"flats\"—\nthe \"Aptos Hotel\"—it opened for business in June, 1875, 11 months before the first through train passed by. Fred Hihn\nstarted developing Soquel landing (Camp Capitola) at about the same time, and in 1880 he built a massive logginglumber camp 3-4 miles up Valencia Creek, complete with a sawmill and a connecting narrow-gauge railroad into Aptos\nVillage.\nThe main building of Spreckels' \"Aptos Hotel\" was located near Aptos Creek, on the rise between today's Spreckels and\nMoosehead Drives, on today's Claus Court. It was huge (170-ft by 130-ft in plan view, 3 stories), and as elegant as it\ncould be in those times: acetylene gas lights in every room, a bathroom on every floor, an elevator (reportedly \"the first,\nsouth of San Francisco\"), enormous high ceiling lobbies and dining rooms beautifully furnished, great verandas with\nspectacular views across Aptos Creek Lagoon to the beach and bay, manicured landscaping, etc. Across the street\n(today's Spreckels Drive) was a recreational club, complete with a \"game\" room, a bowling alley, a bar room, and a\nconvertible dance-hall. Nearby was a gas-lighted pedestrian bridge over the \"moat\" to \"Lover 's Retreat\", an island\n(literally) in Aptos Creek, on which was an outdoor dance pavilion under a natural stand of live oaks. \"Lover's Retreat\" is\nknown today as Treasure Island, although it is no longer an island. On a shelf overlooking the hotel (today's Wixon Drive)\nwere nine \"honeymoon cottages\", tastefully appointed, with sweeping views. Down the road (today's Treasure Island\nDr.) was a vast livery stable and equestrian center for the convenience of guests. A private residence for the manager\nwas on today's Bay View Court. The first manager was B.F. Bauer, formerly the California State Treasurer. The second\nmanager was John Mangels, a nephew of Anna Spreckels. He had come from Germany and married Emmeline Corcoran,\na daughter of James and Mary (Bowen) Corcoran, whose farm surrounded Corcoran Lagoon in Live Oak.\nInterestingly, along Spreckels Drive today in the area of Claus Court, there is a distinctive grove of rugged old Cedar-ofLebanon trees. These were planted as an attraction on the grounds of the Aptos Hotel in the 1870's.\n3\n\n�The Santa Cruz Sentinel (6-12-1875) described the Aptos Hotel compound as the \"Newport of the Pacific\", comparing it\nto Newport, Rhode Island. It was grand and glorious, to be sure, but it failed financially for a number of reasons. Aptos\nVillage became a rough-and-tumble, booming industrial center when the railroad came in to support massive logging\nand sawmilling operations in the Aptos and Valencia Creek watersheds .. it became unattractive as a resort community.\nThe competition for tourism along the Central Coast intensified, particularly after the more direct railroad from Los\nGatos over and through the mountains was commissioned in 1880. As an attraction, the Aptos Hotel was crowded out\nby Southern Pacific's fabulous Del Monte Hotel (1881), Camp Capitola the \"tent city\" (1879), the massive Capitola Hotel\n(1883), the long-famous Sea Beach Hotel at the Santa Cruz beachfront (1886), and others.\nThe Aptos Hotel was dismantled very carefully in 1896 to avoid vandalism and to salvage the lumber (particularly the\nmassive hand-hewn redwood supporting timbers) which was to be used in constructing the huge beet sugar refinery\ncomplex near Salinas; the town of Spreckels. The nine \"honeymoon\" cottages at the Aptos Hotel were moved to\nSpreckels, to become employee residences.\nThe Spreckels family completed an enormous 2-story ranch home for themselves in the 1870s. From a knoll, it faced the\nCoast Road (Soquel Drive) diagonally across today's freeway from the Arco Service Station in Rio Del Mar. With its\ncolumned verandas all around the first floor and open porches all around the second floor, it was a landmark for 50years. It burned to the ground in 1929—two lovely old magnolia trees out front and the concrete foundations are all\nthat remain to mark the spot. The ranch buildings (barns, stables, maintenance shops, equipment sheds, etc.) and\ncorrals were located where today's Rio Del Mar interchange extends north from the freeway, in the general area of\ntoday's Redwood Village and Pacific Telephone's regional center.\nThe view from the Spreckels' home was across the Coast Road (Soquel Drive) to Valencia Lagoon and the oak-studded\nridge comprising the north section of today's Rio Del Mar. That lagoon, incidentally, was a sizeable body of water before\nthe freeway cut through it in 1948—what is left today is the fenced-off breeding ground for our rare, near-extinct longtoed salamanders. The Spreckels built a 12-ft high wooden fence around 170-acres of that oak-studded ridge to create a\npark, which they stocked with deer and elk—a private hunting preserve. That fence ran along today's Bonita Drive on\nthe north side of the ridge, and today's Monterey Drive on the south side of the ridge. It zigzagged across the ridge\nabout opposite today's Golf Lodge. Valencia Lagoon was the \"water hole\" for the deer and the elk. It was from this game\nreserve that the Deer Park Tavern and Shopping Center were named.\nInterestingly, the Spreckels clan built four architecturally similar homes between 1873 and 1888. The first was for Claus\nand Anna (Mangels) Spreckels, as described above. The second was for John and Emmeline (Corcoran) Mangels on Eay\nView Court in Rio Del Mar (he was a nephew of Claus and Agnes (Grosse) Mangels; she was a daughter of James\nCorcoran, for whom Corcoran Lagoon in Live Oak was named)—it was smaller, and was torn down by the Rio Del Mar\ndevelopers in 1925. The third was for Claus and Anna (Mangels) Spreckels in the Punahou District of Honolulu—it was\nalmost identical to the first; it was partially dismantled and moved in 1915, and burned in 1954. The fourth was for Claus\nand Anna (Zweig) Mangels in 1888 (he was brother-in-law and business partner of Claus Spreckels; a second marriage for\nhim) a mile up Aptos Creek from the village; it was almost identical to the first and third. The \"Mangels' House\" is a well\npreserved historical monument; a popular bed-and-breakfast operation today.\nA gentleman named Peter Larsen, a Danish immigrant, was the resident ranch and project manager for Spreckels from\nthe beginning, in 1872. The Larsen's home (provided by the Spreckels) was across the Coast Road (Soquel Drive) from\nthe barn yards; it backed-up to today's Arco Service Station in Rio Del Mar and stood in the middle of today's freeway.\nThe Larsens raised five children in that home—daughter Norma (Mrs. Roy Day—Day Valley fame), a widow, was living\nwith a niece (Mrs. Frank B. Lewis) in Rio in 1982. That home, incidentally, was acquired by George Carroll Humes (Humes\nAvenue and Humes Court in Rio) in 1924. His sister, Harriett Humes Sweet converted the downstairs to the Deer Park\nTea Room, which became the social center of the community and was the forerunner of the now famous Deer Park\nTavern, before and after the freeway in 1948.\n4\n\n�As an aside, Peter Larsen bought a 100-acre spread from Jose and Augustia (Castro) Arano (of Bay View Hotel fame) for\n$3,000 in 1890; it was for his retirement. That parcel faced the Coast Road (Soquel Dr.) across from today's Rancho Del\nMar Shopping Center. It ran north to beyond today's Aptos Library, and back as far as Aptos Creek; it had been giftdeeded to Augustia by her parents in 1866. The Larsen's retirement home was built exactly where the Chevron Service\nStation is today.\nJose Arano never got to the bank with that $3,000 in 1890. He ran away, abandoning his family and hotel business. He\nwas found 10-years later, living as a hermit in Ventura, and was returned to Aptos. He died in the Bay View Hotel in\n1928; age 91.\nAptos (Rio Del Mar) was once a seaport, believe it or not. In 1850 Rafael Castro built a 500-ft wharf near the mouth of\nAptos Creek—he shipped hides, cattle, grain and flour (from his Cascade Grist Mill, which stood on today's Creek Drive).\nThe wharf was extended to 900-ft in 1867 to ship cord-wood, an important industrial fuel in those days. And then, Claus\nSpreckels restructured it and extended it to 1,000-ft in 1880, to accommodate his own large ships (the Oceanic\nSteamship Company) hauling sugar cane from Hawaii to his San Francisco refinery, and redwood lumber as back-haul\nfrom Aptos to Hawaii. In this connection, Spreckels ran a narrow-gauge railroad spur from the lumber yards in Aptos\nVillage to his wharf. A major sea-storm in 1889 wrecked the wharf structure, and it was never rebuilt—the broken pilings\ncan be seen today on occasion at low tide, as can pieces of steel rail, sticking out of the sand.\nClaus Spreckels died of pneumonia in his San Francisco mansion the day after Christmas, 1908—he was 80. His wife\n(Anna Christina) died in that mansion February 15, 1910; she too was 80.\nThe main-line businesses and properties went to their sons John and Rudolph Spreckels before the death of their father.\nFor this reason, they were specifically excluded as beneficiaries in the Will of Claus Spreckels. The personal property,\nincluding the Aptos Ranch, reverted to the San Christina Investment Co. which was managed by and for the widow, sons\nClaus A. and Rudolph, and daughter Emma C. (Spreckels) Ferris-Hutton.\nThe San Christina Investment Co. continued to operate the Aptos Ranch almost dutifully throughout WW-I, but\npermitted the facilities to deteriorate, sadly. Finally, in July, 1922, it sold out completely to Fred A. and (wife) Phoebe F.\nSomers, investors/developers from Pomona, CA; some 2,390-acres, including improvements, for $200,000—$92 per\nacre.\n\nSources\n\n\n\nThis article is an excerpt from Rio Del Mar: a Sedate Residential Community, the Depth of its Character, 225\nYears of Local History, by Allen Collins, published by the author, May 1995.\nCopyright 1995 Allen Collins. Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n5\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839964"},["text","Rio Del Mar"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839965"},["text","Aptos"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839966"},["text","Spreckels, Claus"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839975"},["text","Aptos Hotel"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839976"},["text","Hotels and Boarding Houses"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839967"},["text","Collins, Allen"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839968"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839969"},["text","05-1995"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839970"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839971"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839972"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839973"},["text","Aptos"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839974"},["text","Rio Del Mar"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"39"},["name","Biography"]],["tag",{"tagId":"24"},["name","Buildings"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Business"]],["tag",{"tagId":"16"},["name","Hotels Camps Etc."]]]]]