["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stagecoaches&page=1&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator&sort_dir=a&output=omeka-json","accessDate":"2024-03-29T08:44:35-07:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","1"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","92"]]],["item",{"itemId":"3498","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"5061"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/f75976004afcd2d49a685ca721f089e6.jpg"],["authentication","c559572b42edfa9406d1f88d2b85d9fd"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","Omeka Image File"],["description","The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. 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Her research materials, covering the period from the 1840’s to the 1940’s, include interviews, photographs, biographies, family history charts, newspaper clippings, facts about businesses and buildings, and ephemera (newsletters, brochures, maps, etc.).\r\n\r\nOnly a small portion of her records have been digitized and added here.\r\n\r\nSee \"Special Collections\" for more information on how to access this material."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1934738"},["text","This project is supported by the U. S. Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, administered in California by the State Librarian."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1934740"},["text","Ellis, Faye"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1934741"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1934742"},["text","Donated by Faye Ellis."]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108093"},["text","Big Basin Stage"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108094"},["text","Big Basin Stage"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108095"},["text","Stagecoaches"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108096"},["text","Ellis, Faye"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108097"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108098"},["text","TEXT"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108099"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108100"},["text","CARD"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108101"},["text","FE-NAME_CARDS-B145"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"108102"},["text","1920s"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"134528","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"24159"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/de80b293391129d77d1e511db1db9234.pdf"],["authentication","a85f687d0c8528b09388fc0216c683cb"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1902768"},["text","A Howling Wilderness:\nStagecoach Days in the Mountains\nBy Stephen Payne\nCitations in the text refer to the Selected Bibliography, Local History Article AR-219.\nThe roads over the Santa Cruz Mountains served not only the settlers and loggers living and\nworking on the summit, but also provided the means by which people could travel to and from\nSanta Cruz or San Jose via the stagecoach. The early organized road companies quickly saw the\nbenefit of stage travel and encouraged use by the various stage companies of the day.\nThe first stagecoach line in California was established by John Whistman in the autumn of 1849.\nThis line operated between San Francisco and San Jose, with the latter city serving as its\nheadquarters. The fare for the nine hour trip was two ounces of gold or $32.00. The line ran an\nold French omnibus with mules and mustangs pulling the coach. With the first winter rain the\noperation came to a halt due to the poor road conditions. During the winter the line ran from\nSan Jose to Alviso, where passengers caught the ferry to San Francisco. With spring weather the\nline went back to full service between San Francisco and San Jose. (36:255-256; 45:236-237;\n55:Vol. VII,151)\nAs the years progressed other entrepreneurs established lines throughout California. The first\nservice connecting Santa Cruz and San Jose was established in 1854. The line ran from Santa\nCruz to San Juan Bautista, then on to San Jose. Passengers going on to San Francisco stayed\novernight before continuing on to the steamboat landing at Alviso. This line soon had an\nopposition line running from Santa Cruz to Soquel, then to Watsonville and over the Pajaro\nTurnpike mountain road into Gilroy and on to San Jose. (49:27; 62:477)\nIn 1855 the California Stage Company was awarded the United States mail contract between\nSan Jose and Santa Cruz, which paid $1,000 annually. The California Stage Company's fare was\n$5.00 from Santa Cruz to San Francisco. (5:231; 66:94) The California Stage Company went out\n\n�of business on March 1, 1855, but local employees in Santa Cruz formed the Pacific Express\nCompany, operating the same route from Santa Cruz to San Francisco. (66:125)\nAnother stage route to San Jose was established in 1857. This route started in downtown Santa\nCruz, crossed the San Lorenzo River at the Water Street Bridge and went up Graham Grade,\npast where the Pasatiempo Golf Course is now located, to Abraham Hendricks' stage stop in\nScotts Valley. At Hendricks' two horses were added to the four-horse team for the journey up\nthe mountain grade to Station Ranch, owned by Charles Christopher Martin, and then on up the\nmountain to Mountain Charley's stage stop, owned by Charles McKiernan. (62:477) From\nMountain Charley's the route went down the mountain to Patchen, Alma, Lexington (where the\ntwo additional horses were left off), Los Gatos, and on to San Jose.\nIn 1858 Frederic A. Hihn joined together with other Santa Cruz businessmen to form a joint\nstock stage company. The new stage route went from Santa Cruz to Soquel, then up the San\nJose-Soquel Road to \"Bonny Blink\" Hotel at Terrace Grove Road. From there the stage had\nanother stop less than a mile up the road at the old Hotel de Redwood. (62:477) From this point\nthe line went over the Morrell Cut-off to Summit Road and on to Patchen. From there it\nfollowed the stage route to San Jose. One stage line ran daily, while the other ran tri-weekly\ncarrying the mail. (5:250 fn.24, 266)\nA description of the early stage drivers' duties was written by Lucy Foster Sexton:\n\"The stages stopped at the towns with post offices, leaving the mail in boxes\nbetween. Driving up to farmers' boxes on tall polls, the bundles were thrown in, much\nas it is done on the rail road. The school children furnished the delivery.\"\nThese early stages were \"gaudily painted\" and pulled by four horses which were changed every\nfifteen miles at a saloon or hotel, and handled by lively drivers. (37:161)\nIn 1850 Warren Hall and Jared B. Crandall bought out Whistman's stage line. The new owners\npurchased Mud-wagons and horses from William Beeks who had brought them across the\nplains. (Mudwagons were light weight coaches designed for the winter roads, not for comfort.)\n(36:256) The following year Hall traveled to Concord, New Hampshire, and purchased several\nConcord coaches from the Abbott-Downing Company. These new coaches were added to Hall's\nand Crandall's stage line because the earlier coaches were not much more than buckboard\nwagons of various sizes and descriptions. Although the Concord coaches were the latest\ninnovation in travel, the coaches were too heavy for winter roads, which were hardly more than\none mud hole after another. During the winter months the mud wagons were used even\nthough many of the mountain roads were totally impassable. The Concord coaches (For a\ndetailed description of these coaches see 35:392-393.) were used in the spring after the roads\ndried out, and in the summer until the first autumn rains came. (36:258,260 fn. 17)\nThe Concord coaches seated nine passengers on the inside and eight on top. In good weather\nthe favored position was next to the colorful driver. Those so honored were expected to treat\n\n�the driver with drinks and cigars on the road. At the stations the drivers drank for free, although\nthe drivers were seldom drunk on the road. They were considered to be sober and dependable\nmen. (35:392-393; 36:257,259 fn. 13)\nN. C. Adams, one of the most accommodating drivers on the Santa Cruz Mountain route, while\nmaking up for lost time one day was stopped by a lady, who, after calling to him went back into\nher house. Thinking that the woman was going to fetch a package, Adams waited. After five\nminutes, Adams climbed off the stage and knocked at the door, calling out,\n\"Madame, ain't you pretty near ready?\"\nHurrying to the door the embarrassed woman replied,\n\"Oh, Mr. Driver, I ain't going on the stage, but I want to send a roll of butter to San\nJose and it's nearly come. Won't you wait till I finish it?\"\nWith that, Adams swallowed a quid of tobacco to distract his own attention, and waited.\nAnother driver, Sid Conover, had the self-appointed duty of supplying stamps to the ladies on\nhis route, who \"'didn't have a stamp in the house. \" (44:81)\nOne of the most famous drivers on the mountain route was Charley Parkhurst, who drove over\nthe mountain roads about 1868. The story of this driver is well known. Like all stage drivers,\nParkhurst wore a heavy muffler, gloves, a buffalo skin coat and cap, and blue jeans-turned up to\nreveal cuffs of an expensive pair of trousers worn under the jeans. Also, like other drivers,\nParkhurst had a sharp throaty whistle, used like a horn to warn others that the stage was just\naround a sharp corner. For these reasons she was able to hide her identity until her death.\n(38:6/24/1934)\nThe drive over the Santa Cruz Mountains was more than merely a means of conveyance from\none point to another. The ride was also a form of entertainment, similar to rafting down a river\nor other dangerous sports today. The ride was described in the May 1873 issue of Scribner's\nMonthly by Susan Coolidge:\n\"From San Jose, a day's staging over the summit of the Coast Range brings you to\nSanta Cruz, the favorite watering-place of California. I would advise any one with a few\nspare day's at command, to take this excursion, if only for the sake of the ride over the\nmountain, which is wonderfully fine. Flower-lovers should not fail to do so, for such\nroses, geraniums, jeasamines, and passion-flowers grow nowhere else as run riot in\nevery little garden in Santa Cruz.\" (19)\nAnother description of the mountain route appeared in the Santa Cruz Sentinel on May 16,\n1874, titled \"The Mountain Ride:\"\n\n�\"The ride across the Santa Cruz Mountains is one of the most attractive stage trips in\nCalifornia. The roads from Santa Clara to Santa Cruz command some very picturesque\nviews. . . . Ward & Colegrove's Concord coaches meet the morning train from San\nFrancisco at Santa Clara. Passengers reach Santa Cruz in time for dinner the same day.\nFrom Santa Clara depot to the base of the Mountains at Santa Cruz Gap, the route lays\nacross one of the most fascinating portions of the Santa Clara Valley. . . . The passage\nthrough Santa Cruz Gap introduces a change in the scene. . . . The Gap looks like a weird\ncanyon both walls of which are rocky and rugged. It is a slight grade for the coach and\nthe six horses have an easy thing of it climbing up the timber skirted slopes. . . . On the\nsummit fourteen miles from Santa Clara and just before reaching the well-known abode\nof Mountain Charley, the landscape expands and stretches out to such proportions that\nthe eye is lost in the vastness of the scene. Far below, over the tops of the redwood\ntrees an enchanting view of the Bay of Monterey is obtained. It is the distant silver lining\nto a cloud of forest-crowned hills. The ride now becomes exciting. Ward, a veteran\namong California stage coach veterans, handles the reins over six splendid and surefooted animals. Under his skillful guidance these horses seem to fly as they whirl the\ncoach down steep hills, and around the shortest of curves. His partner Colegrove, drives\nthe stage on the alternate days, and his fame as a driver is not second to Ward's. Both\nare artists in their time and with either on the box there is no danger on the\nmountainous path.\"(27)\nThe coaches, horses, and drivers that traveled the Santa Cruz Mountain stage routes from the\n1850's to the 1880's were part of a wild and exciting era. Two of the drivers mentioned in the\nlast account left memoirs, Henry C. Ward and George Lewis Colegrove. Ward's account deals\nwith other phases of early California staging, but Colegrove's account as both a stage driver and\nlater as a conductor on the South Pacific Coast Railroad offers a look back to the stagecoach\ndays in the Santa Cruz Mountains. A look at his life offers a generalized glimpse of what all\nother stage drivers' lives were like during the stagecoach era in California.\nGeorge Lewis Colegrove was born in the Dundee area of McHenry County, Illinois, on March 29,\n1843. When he was seven, George's father, John Smith Colegrove, left his family and went to\nthe gold fields in California. John Colegrove eventually settled near Dutch Flat, California. At\ntwelve, young Colegrove went to live with an uncle, Louis Holdridge, with whom he lived until\nhe was eighteen. Leaving his uncle's home, George traveled to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he\nworked in a livery stable. With the onset of the Civil War, Colegrove joined the Union Army, but\nhe broke his leg and was left behind when his company went off to war. In March 1863,\nColegrove drove the lead wagon in an emigrant wagon train traveling to California.\nUpon reaching California, Colegrove worked as a teamster in San Francisco (1:ii-iii) until July\n1869, when he hired on as a driver for the Santa Cruz and San Jose Stage Line. In the company\nof the line's owner, Billy Reynolds, Colegrove first drove a stage over the Santa Cruz Mountains\non July 15, 1869. The stage left Santa Clara with four horses, stopping at Lexington where the\ncompany had a bar, to add two more horses for the ascent of the mountain. At the Scotts\n\n�Valley Station the additional horses were left and the stage continued on to Santa Cruz. (1:4345)\nA few months later Reynolds sold his stage company to McFarlane and his son, William \"Bill\"\nMcFarlane, who ran the line for his father. The station agent, Henry Whinery (or Winnery), at\nSanta Clara was too set in his ways to make changes suggested by the McFarlanes. After an\nargument Whinery left. Traveling to Santa Cruz, where he had many friends, Whinery formed a\nnew joint stock company. The largest shareholder was Charles McKiernan, the owner of the toll\nroad at the summit. One of the drivers, Cambridge, who had crossed the plains with Colegrove,\nquit the McFarlanes and went to work for Whinery's new company. (1:45-47)\nWith the new competition, McFarlane was forced to lower his fares from $2.50 down to $1.00,\nand a price war ensued. Although both companies were carrying full loads of passengers, they\nwere both losing money. Still the fight went on. (1:47-48)\nAs Charles McKiernan was the largest shareholder in the opposition line he had had to pay most\nof the losses during the past year. He was anxious to end the war as the only revenue he had\nwas what money he could make off his toll road. At first, this did not matter because the\nMcFarlanes were paying most of that money, since they had to use the road for their stage\noperations, paying $2.00 a day. But one day McFarlane Senior had talked with McKiernan in\ntown and told him that it was not fair for the McFarlanes to be subsidizing the opposition.\nMcFarlane met with the settlers along the old San Jose-Soquel Road and together they fixed up\nthe road and bridges, thus abandoning McKiernan's toll road.\nAfter a year of the price war there existed bitter feelings on both sides. During this time\nColegrove was living with the McFarlanes. One morning as the men were having breakfast\nCharles McKiernan came down from his ranch to talk over the situation:\n\"Now, Mr. McFarlane, it has been an awful long hard fight. I think it is time we quit it.\nI have a proposition that I would like to have you interested in. I would like to\nconsolidate these lines and make it a joint stock company. We would take one side off\nand put the fare up and make it pay. We have lost money enough.\"\nAfter McKiernan left the breakfast meeting, Colegrove told McFarlane Senior that he did not\nfeel that they should consolidate: \"If you stay with it and do not consolidate with them they will\nquit the business in the next month or six weeks.\" Colegrove then offered to work for nothing,\nbut, in the end, the lines were consolidated.\nShortly after the lines were consolidated the McFarlanes were forced out of the business\naltogether, leaving Colegrove without a job. (1:48-5 1) After a short camping trip in the Boulder\nCreek area of the Santa Cruz Mountains, Colegrove went into San Jose and talked to William\n\"Uncle Billy\" Hall, the second operator of a stage line in California and the first to use Concord\ncoaches. Colegrove discussed the feasibility of starting, another opposition line to that of\nWhinery and McKiernan.\n\n�Hall, who had disapproved of Whinery and McKiernan's practice of forcing the McFarlanes out\nof business, told Colegrove that he still had several horses and a Concord coach. Hall agreed to\nlet Colegrove use the stock and equipment for free as long as Hall's name was not mentioned.\nWith this, Colegrove started up an opposition line with Thomas Mann as an alternate driver.\nAlthough Colegrove lowered the fare to $1.00 for travel on the new Pioneer Stage Line, from\nSan Jose to Santa Cruz, the Mountain Charley Stage Line did not follow suit. Whinery and\nMcKiernan felt that, since they were already established and known, they had no worry from\ncompetition. Within a month Colegrove had to add an additional coach, and shortly after that\nColegrove bought another Concord from a man in Watsonville for $225. (1:58-78)\nIn the spring of 1872, having lost too much money, McKiernan talked to Santa Cruz Sheriff\nCharles Lincoln about running the stage line. Lincoln told McKiernan that he would think about\nthe offer, then he went to see Colegrove. Posing as the new owner, Lincoln told Colegrove that\nhe had bought the line for $3,000 and would like to cooperate with Colegrove. The two men\nagreed to each run one stage apiece. The arrangement went well until November 1872, when\nbusiness began to slacken. Lincoln decided that he did not want to run the line and gave it back\nto McKiernan. This event put McKiernan in a tight spot for Colegrove now learned that he had\nbeen deceived and was ready for another fight. In the end McKiernan decided to quit the stage\nbusiness. (1:78-83)\nThat winter, 1872-1873, was so wet that by the end of December Colegrove was forced to\ncurtail operations over the mountain route, as it had turned into a series of mud holes. In\nJanuary 1873, Colegrove, along with a new partner, Henry C. Ward---an old stage hand in\nCalifornia---started an opposition line to the Watsonville Stage Line between Santa Cruz and\nWatsonville. Within a few months the older Watsonville Stage Line bought Colegrove and Ward\nout, rather than compete against their $.50 fare.(1:90-93)\nAfter selling out to the Watsonville line, Colegrove and Ward met with Charles McKiernan to\ndiscuss the reopening of the Santa Cruz to San Jose stage line. Colegrove and Ward agreed to\nbuy out McKiernan's stage line for $3,000; both men put up $1,000 cash and a $500 note. In\nMay 1873, the Pioneer Stage Line again served customers over the Santa Cruz Mountains.\n(1:93-94)\nOn the spring morning of April 1, 1874, while backing out an eleven passenger mud-wagon\nfrom the Pioneer Stage Line's barn in San Jose, Henry Ward ran a wheel over his foot crushing\nhis big toe. Unable to make the passenger and mail run from San Jose to Santa Cruz, Ward\nenlisted the help of John Pursey Smith, an experienced stage driver who knew the dangers of\nthe Santa Cruz Mountain road. (1:65)\nThat afternoon, at a quarter to three, as the four horse team was walking up a hill about a half\nmile from the stage stop (and United States Post Office) at Patchen, a man, his face covered by\na blue flannel mask, stepped out in front of the stage. Pointing a double-barreled shotgun at\nSmith, the highwayman ordered the stage to stop and told Smith to\n\n�\"Throw out that Express box.\"\nLooking down the barrels of the shotgun the frightened driver had the unpleasant duty of\nexplaining to the bandit:\n\"We don't carry any express box. It goes around by Watsonville.\"\nNot believing the driver's story, the bandit again demanded the express box. As the driver tried\nto repeat his explanation, a passenger, Mrs. J. M. Smith, also told the bandit that the express\nbox was not aboard.\n\"Well, give me that mail sack,\" the road agent demanded.\nSmith quickly threw down the two mail sacks, one destined for Patchen and the other for Santa\nCruz. The bandit kicked the two bags aside saying that he guessed that there would be nothing\nof interest in them and, as he had come for money, the passengers would have to do instead.\nSome of the passengers had managed to hide most of their valuables when they realized what\nwas happening. One woman, a Mrs. Canny of San Jose, simply refused to part with her\nvaluables. All the bandit received was $45 from the unfortunate stage riders. After securing the\nmoney and valuables the bandit tossed the mail sacks back to the driver and allowed the stage\nto proceed on to Patchen and Santa Cruz.\nAfter arriving in Santa Cruz, Smith immediately telegraphed the stage office in San Jose. George\nColegrove received the message and, while showing the message to Ward, asked him,\n\"Do you think that is right, or someone giving us an April Fool?\"\n\"No, I think it is on the level,\" replied Ward.\nAfter discussing the matter the two stage men decided not to press the issue, \"because,\" as\nColegrove explained, \"if it gets out it will hurt our travel.\"\nBut word of the robbery did get out and on his next regular run to Santa Cruz, Colegrove was\nasked by a townsman,\n\"You have stage robbers on your route, have you?\"\nTo which Colegrove replied, \"It seems like it. It didn't amount to much.\" (1:65-67;\n33:4/4/1884)\nThe rest of April went by without any further incident until the end of the month when\nColegrove's mother and brother came to San Jose from Dutch Flat, California, to visit him.\n\n�Colegrove decided to take a few days off work to show his family around Big Basin, near\nBoulder Creek. Contacting an old employer of his, Colegrove asked William (Bill) McFarlane if he\nwould drive the stage.\nEverything started out well. Colegrove gave his mother and brother seats on top of the stage,\nwhere they could enjoy the mountain scenery. Upon arriving in Santa Cruz Colegrove turned\nthe operation over to McFarlane. On the next day McFarlane took the stage over the mountains\nto San Jose on an uneventful trip.\nOn April 28, McFarlane was driving the stage back over the mountains to Santa Cruz. At twenty\nminutes to two in the afternoon the stage was five miles above Lexington on an uphill grade\nthat forced the horses to walk. As the stage was passing a long pile of cord wood beside the\nroad, out stepped two armed highwaymen. One of the road agents blocked the rear of the\nstage and the other stood in front of the horses. Both men were carrying double-barreled\nshotguns and both had Bowie knives dangling from their wrists on leather thongs. The robbers\nhad masks of knitted cloth over their heads with slits cut out for eyes and mouths.\nThe highwayman in front of the stage called to the driver,\n\"Didn't I tell you to stop. Now stop or I'll-\"\n\"Oh, did you, if its 'stop' here goes---Whoa!\" replied McFarlane as he reined up the\nleading horses.\nAs the bandit in front kept his shotgun trained on McFarlane and the passenger riding on top,\nthe other bandit appeared at the window,\n\"Now hand out your wallets dam'd (sic) quick,\" he demanded, taping the window\nledge with his shotgun for emphasis.\nThrusting his hand with the dangling knife attached into the coach,the robber took the\nvaluables and money from the frightened passengers.\nThe passengers were reluctant to part with their wallets, giving instead their pocket change.\nSeeing this, the road agent snapped at them,\n\"That won't do. Pass out your wallets.\"\nCollecting the wallets, the bandit again made a demand, \"Now let's have your\nwatches.\"\nWhile this was going on inside the coach, the passenger sitting on top managed to hide $60\nunder the cushioned seat. To divert attention McFarlane remarked,\n\n�\"Boys, this is pretty rough on us, stopping our stage twice in one month.\"\nReceiving no response from the highwaymen, McFarlane continued,\n\"This is the first time I've been stopped.\"\n\"Well then, it's a stand-off between us,\" replied the masked man at the front, \"This is\nthe first time we've ever stopped anyone.\"\nAfter finishing with the inside passengers, the other bandit turned his attention to the man\nsitting with the driver.\n\"Pass down your coin, sir,\" he demanded.\nBut getting only seventy-five cents did not satisfy him.\n\"Oh, you've got more money than this. Get down from there, so that I can go through you.\"\nAs the passenger stood up the robber caught sight of a valuable gold English watch (worth over\n$100). After taking the watch the bandit again demanded that the passenger step down, but at\nthis point McFarlane had had enough and told the highwaymen,\n\"Boys, it's getting late and I'm behind time.\"\nAs the horses started to move, one of the road agents said, \"Well, I guess you'd better go on.\"\nBy the time the passengers disembarked from the stage in Santa Cruz, Sheriff Robert Orton had\narrived at the stage stop. Discussing the situation with Colegrove, who had been waiting for the\nstage with his family, Orton asked Colegrove,\n\"I guess we will have to get out and get them or they will drive the travel all off the\nroad. What do you think we had better do about it?\"\n\"I think we ought to start out tonight to look for them and cover all these roads by\nSoquel and by the stage road, by Mt. Charley's and the Saratoga road. If we don't they\nwill work their way into some town and, after they get into some town, it is all off. You\ncan't get them. If you get them before they get to town they will have some of the\nthings on them.\"\nThe Sheriff quickly formed a posse and by that evening three groups set out from Santa Cruz to\nlook for the highwaymen. Deputy Sheriff Jackson Sylva and Frank Curtis went to Felton and\nthen up the Zayante Creek toward the Summit. Remington Getchel and John Acorn (or Aiken)\ntraveled to Soquel and then up the old San Jose-Soquel Road to the Summit. Sheriff Orton and\nColegrove took the main stage route through Scotts Valley and up to Mountain Charley's.\n\n�Before leaving Santa Cruz, Sheriff Orton telegraphed San Jose and advised Sheriff John H.\nAdams of the situation, arranging to meet with Adams' posse at Patchen.\nColegrove and Orton arrived at Mountain Charley's toll gate at eleven o'clock that night and, as\nColegrove got off the buggy to open the gate, he asked the Sheriff,\n\"Do you think we had better wake them up?\"\n\"I don't know,\" the Sheriff replied, \"I don't think I would disturb them.\"\nAs Orton and Colegrove had the shortest distance to travel, they reached Patchen first and\nproceeded to search the cabins on the road to Lexington. At a cabin owned by James Bryant the\nSheriff arrested two men, but later released them.\nWhen Getchel and Acorn traveling from Soquel arrived, they reported to Sheriff Orton that they\nhad seen nothing of the bandits. One of the local Patchen residents said that a friend living on\nthe Los Gatos Creek had seen two men with shotguns in the area. Within a few minutes Sheriff\nAdams and the Santa Clara posse arrived and reported that someone else had reported two\nmen by the creek area.\nFeeling sure that these men might be the robbers, the posse set out for the Los Gatos Canyon,\nabout three miles northeast of Patchen. Stopping at a wood-cutters camp near Forest Grove at\nthree or four in the morning, Colegrove asked if they had seen the bandits.\n\"Why there were two men by here just about sundown. Both of them had shotguns. Maybe\nthey are the ones-\" replied the wood-cutter.\nBefore setting out the posse rested and had some breakfast. After eating, the posse went as far\nup the creek as they could with the buggy and then continued up the canyon on foot. Coming\nonto a cabin, Sheriff Orton had his men surround the place. Just then a man came out of the\ncabin. Seeing Colegrove and Sheriff Adams the startled man turned toward the cabin; but with\nthe rest of the posse in position all around his place the outnumbered man gave up.\nUnder questioning, the man shook like a leaf, but denied any part in the robbery or to having\nseen anyone during the day. Although Colegrove thought that the man was telling the truth,\nespecially since the only weapon found in the cabin was an old rusty six-shooter, to be certain,\nthe posse took him with them back to Patchen, where he could be identified by local residents.\nDuring this time Deputy Sheriff Sylva and Frank Curtis had traveled to Felton where George\nNewell joined them. The posse was joined by a Californio named Martin further up the Zayante\nCanyon. Martin acted as their guide for the rest of the trip. Traveling farther up the mountain,\nthe posse questioned several people before arriving at Mountain Charley's at three-thirty in the\nmorning. Waking up McKiernan, the men learned that he had seen two men shooting at a\n\n�squirrel on his ranch earlier that day. When McKiernan had called out to them, he received no\nreply as the men rode on.\nUpon hearing this account, Sylva's posse, along with McKiernan, went after the squirrelshooters. Tracking the men through the mountains to Jones' Creek, four miles from Saratoga,\nthe posse sent Martin down to the toll gate on the Saratoga-Boulder Creek Road to see if their\nprey had escaped into the valley. Learning that the men at the toll gate had seen no one, the\nposse continued in its search and soon arrived at an old cabin. The dilapidated cabin had last\nbeen used as a cattle barn.\nSuspecting that the robbers might be in the cabin, the posse surrounded the place. As they\nwere getting into position, one of the highwaymen saw what was happening and shot at the\nposse with a pistol. The posse returned the fire but did no damage. Charles McKiernan, who\nhad brought his old Henry hunting rifle with him, circled around to a part of the cabin that was\nmissing some boards and called in at the bandits,\n\"Hello, fellows, what are you doing there? Come out here.\"\n\"We are not coming out,\" was the reply.\n\"Come out, or I will shoot,\" McKiernan warned.\nAt this point, the men jumped up and one of them went for his gun. McKiernan again ordered\nthem to stop, but the road agents were intent on a shootout and McKiernan shot. The ball\ngrazed the cheek of one of the highwaymen and lodged itself in the other one's shoulder. With\nthat the fight was over and the men gave up.\nThe posse marched the highwaymen back to McKiernan's ranch. After arriving at the ranch and\nwhile they were waiting for Sheriff Adams to arrive from Patchen, one of the bandits boasted,\n\"Yes, a hell of a lot of heroes you are. I would like to be turned loose and I would\nmake short work of you. That cockeyed fellow with the rifle was the only one I was\nafraid of.\"\nThe bandit was still defiant a few days later when a reporter from the San Jose Weekly Mercury\ninterviewed him in the Santa Clara County Jail:\n\"We wouldn't have surrendered had it not been for that blasted Henry rifle which that\none-eyed chap \"Mountain Charley\" carried. I was raising my gun to fire, when he let fly\nwith his rifle. . . Had it not been for that we would have made a break, and they never\nwould have taken us. I didn't care a continental for the pistols as long as we had our\nshot guns, and we would have made it warm for them. As it was we acted sensibly, and\n'chucked over our chips.'\"\n\n�The bandit who did most of the talking was Albert P. Hamilton, known in San Francisco as a\nburglar who had served time in San Quentin. Hamilton made the remark that he would get\nMcKiernan for capturing him. After a trial, Hamilton, along with Peter Carr, the other bandit,\nwas sentenced to ten years in San Quentin, but, after only six or seven months, Hamilton\nescaped prison with two murderers.\nWhen Charles McKiernan learned of Hamilton's unexpected freedom he was understandably\nuneasy, especially since it was known that Hamilton had a girlfriend in nearby Saratoga. Six\nmonths later the San Francisco police captured Hamilton in San Francisco after he returned on a\nship from Seattle, Washington, and McKiernan's worries were over.\nThe other bandit, Peter Carr, was instrumental in fighting a fire at San Quentin and due to this\naction and his general good behavior Carr received a reprieve by Governor William Irwin. (1:6774; 33:5/2/1874; 32;29)\nThese two men were the only road agents active in the Santa Cruz Mountains. But, although\nthe highwaymen were captured, the regular troubles of the stage line were not over. On the\nday after the capture of the bandits, while the team hitched to the stagecoach was being\nwatered by the driver at the Lexington stage stop, one of the horses bit another horse and the\nwhole team ran away towing the stage. The passengers sitting inside managed to jump to\nsafety, but a woman sitting on top kept her seat too long and when she finally jumped off the\nstage she suffered a broken leg. The team kept going until the coach was overturned and all\ncame to a dusty, grinding, crushing stop. (33:5 / 2 /1874)\nDuring the winter of 1874, Ward and Colegrove decided to phase out the large Concord\ncoaches and purchase new Yosemite wagons made in San Francisco. The new coaches seated\nthirteen passengers, all facing forward, and had a \"sunshine top,\" a canvas that could be rolled\nback. The passengers enjoyed the new coaches, as they could see the scenery better. (1: 102104)\nIn 1874 Ward left the stage business to join a Wild West show, but two months later he\nreturned to San Jose. Shortly after Ward returned the Pioneer Stage Line was broken up, as\nColegrove was peeved at Ward for leaving. Ward stored one of the Concord coaches at William\nHall's barn. Fifty years later it was discovered and given to the Wells-Fargo Museum at San\nFrancisco. On that occasion George Colegrove drove the stage into the museum. (1: 104-105)\nDuring the spring of 1878, as the new narrow-gauge railroad from Alameda to Santa Cruz was\nnearing completion as far as Los Gatos, Colegrove met with Alfred E. \"Hog\" Davis, the president\nof the South Pacific Coast Railroad. Davis asked Colegrove to run a \"jumper service\" from\nWright's tunnel over the mountains to Felton. This arrangement was to last until the tunneling\nwas completed through the mountains.(1: 106-107)\nColegrove agreed to work for Davis and ran the \"jumper service\" for a year before Davis again\nmet with him in April 1879. At this meeting Davis asked Colegrove to work as a conductor on\n\n�the railroad. On August 22, 1879, Colegrove started to work for the railroad, although he still\nowned the stage line, which was run by John Dowd and Chris Coffin.\nOn May 1, 1880, the South Pacific Coast Railroad began direct service from Alameda to Santa\nCruz. Although the first run ended in disaster as the train ran off the track near Rincon, it\nsignaled the end of the stagecoach era in the Santa Cruz Mountains. (1: 110, 110 fn. 10)\n\nSource\nExcerpted from Payne, Stephen Michael. A Howling Wilderness: a History of the Summit Road\nArea of the Santa Cruz Mountains 1850-1906. Santa Cruz, CA: Loma Prieta Publishing, 1978.\nCopyright 1978 Stephen Michael Payne. Reproduced with the permission of the author.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library\nto completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a\nlocal history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894521"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Reproduced with permission of the author."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894591"},["text","Selected Bibliography"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"15"},["name","Transportation"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"134363","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"20800"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/61bf97fb012cc2163cbce0d59f9c598a.pdf"],["authentication","b23192075ffb77d7dce107dc947a074d"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1899581"},["text","Silent Charley—Charley Parkhurst\nBy John V. Young\n\n\"UPSET—The stage for Santa Cruz, on Thursday last, containing eight or nine passengers, upset about a mile beyond\nMountain Charley's, and rolled down a gulch about 150 feet. The passengers luckily tumbled out, and no one was\nseriously injured. The accident was caused by some hogs rushing down the hill and jumping among the horses while\nmaking a sharp turn around a point, causing them to jump off the grade.\"\nThis account of a freak accident appeared in the weekly San Jose newspaper in 1865 and gives a graphic picture of what\nwas then a more or less commonplace incident on the stage road and a firsthand view of the life of the times.\nThe hogs, incidentally, belonged to Mountain Charley McKiernan, and were more than half-wild. The accident took place\nat the curve at the head of Lynch hill, which was not named for the famous roping custom but for a \"retired\" blackbirder\nand ex-pirate, David Lynch, who had a little ranch in the area, according to the recollections of Herbert Martin from his\nfather, who lived close by.\nAmong the amusing anecdotes of the road was one which describes the predecessor of the modern automobile horn—\nthe teamster's throaty whistle. So narrow was the Jones road, and so sharp the turns, that encountering another team\nsuddenly was as hazardous as meeting a speeding automobile on a narrow mountain road of today. As a warning, the\ndrivers of that time were accustomed to sounding a blast with their lips as they approached each curve, a sound that\ncarried an incredible distance.\nThis was the mountain scene when Lexington began back in the 1850s, and when Charley Parkhurst, noted stage driver\nand a typical character of the period, first appeared to make history in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\nCharley's full story has never been told and probably never will be, but what little is known gives an intimate picture of\nthe customs, manners, and a little of the dress of the times among that hardy breed—the stagecoach drivers. Almost\nnothing is known of Charley's early years, but from about 1868 on, Charley became one of the most famous of the\ndrivers on the San Jose-Santa Cruz stage run.\nKicked in the face by a horse, Charley had lost one eye and wore a black patch over the socket. This patch, accompanied\nby habitually stained lips from an excess of tobacco chewing and a saturnine cast of countenance, made Charley as\ntough-looking as the most hardened and bewhiskered denizen of the mountains. Oddly enough, Charley went smoothshaven, unusual for men of the period. Profane to the extreme, cold and unfriendly in manner, Charley presented every\nappearance of an odd but nonetheless typical \"whip\" of the 1860s. Until the day Charley died, nobody suspected that\nCharley was a woman.\nShe was born in 1812 under the name of Charlotte Parkhurst. She came to California in the early 1850s and drove a\nstage in the mining country, always masquerading as a man.\n1\n\n�Like most knights of the overland stage, she wore a muffler, gloves, great-coat of buffalo hide, and a cap of the same\nmaterial. Under this she wore blue jeans turned up to reveal the cuffs of a very good pair of trousers, according to Major\nA. N. Judd, whose recollections of Charley Parkhurst appeared in the Santa Cruz Surf on October 18, 1917. Major Judd\nsaid he had traced Charley's history back to the Indian days on the overland stage, where she made her first public\nappearance.\nShe learned her trade at a livery stable in Vermont, a job she obtained by pretending to be a young man, this according\nto another account written by John Royce of San Jose in the Santa Cruz Sentinel in 1917. Royce states that Charley\nrapidly became the most expert driver in the state first with two horses, then four, and finally six. She was always\nentrusted with driving parties requiring a showy, but careful driver.\nAccording to Major Judd's account, Charley drove overland stage for three years for Ben Holiday out of Council Bluffs,\nIowa. Judd's story of her experiences on this job still makes for lively reading:\nI suppose that here I should make a distinction between the Souix, Blackfeet and others in the East, and the Indians that\ninfested the western slopes of the Sierra, for they all had their fling at Charley Parkhurst.\nOld Ben Holiday was the moving spirit in the overland stage line. He had his office at Council Bluffs, Iowa. Monday\nmorning was his busy day in hiring drivers to replace those whose hair had been raised either by fear or by the scalping\nknife.\nThe Indians were not the most fearsome thing to dread, for on the mountain roads were the perils of the steep and\nnarrow grade, so narrow that on some turns the singletree had cut grooves into the banks on the high side, and often the\nother side was a thousand feet down to the stopping place if the vehicle should go over.\nIt was these dangers that also thinned out drivers fast, and the one under discussion that brought Charley into the\nlimelight for the first time.\nThere were perhaps 50 applicants for the positions that were open on the stage line.\n'Ever driven stage? How long? How near could you drive to the edge of a bluff with a sheer drop of a thousand feet with\nperfect safety to your self, your team and passengers?' These were some of the questions fired at the prospective drivers\nby Holiday.\nMany answered until nearer and nearer they got to the edge. Finally, one was willing to take a chance with half the tire\nover the edge on one wheel.\nAbout this time Charley's turn came around, and by this time he (she) was getting uneasy. After putting between her\njaws a fresh chew, she closed her jackknife that had done duty for years not only for cutting tobacco but for mending\nharness or skinning a deer.\nShe got up and had almost reached the door before saying over her shoulder, 'I wouldn't do at all for you, Mr. Holiday. I'd\nstay as far away from the edge of that cliff as the hubs would let me.'\n'You are just the man I want.' said Holiday.\nFor three years Charley held that job without an accident, and would have stayed longer, but the Mormons were of a\nmarrying disposition and rather than disclose her secret by marrying a few dames with polygamous proclivities, she left\nfor the Pacific Coast. After a short spell on the Pacheco Pass run, she joined up with the Danforth Porter lines that\nconnected with the Santa Cruz stage line.\nCharley was a great 'whip,' and when she pulled into a stage stop with the beautifully equipped 20-passenger Concord\ncoach, drawn by six mustangs as mettlesome as quarter-horses, it was an inspiring sight indeed.\n2\n\n�Every move played its part. One would note with what dexterity she plied the brakes just right in order to stop with the\ndoor just opposite the main entrance to the hotel.\nHow deftly she whirled the six-horse lash around the stock and carefully laid it up on the deck, all unconscious of the\nonlookers, and as she wrapped the lines around the footbrake she would turn to hand down the treasure box or mail\nsack, or perhaps a venturesome female who had insisted on riding with the driver.\nMajor Judd recalls how, when the teams were running all out, the stagecoach often would rock back and forth like a\nboat on its long, leather springs called \"thorough-braces.\"\nThose springs each weighed 50 pounds, and their going price was a dollar a pound, thus a pair would cost not less than\n$100 each with its many leaves forming a long oval hoop forming a cradle for the body of the coach. With clamps and\nfasteners, they made riding as easy as a boat ride in a gentle swell and with more joy for the passengers.\nBut this romantic picture faded, Major Judd relates, when the railroad reached the Twelve Mile House (out of Santa\nCruz) where Charley had a station on the Santa Cruz–Los Gatos road which was known as Sand Hill Station.\nOut of the business of driving stage or tending a station, Charley began raising stock on Bean Creek. Between times she\nhauled for neighbors, until approaching old age made her infirm. She retired on money raised from the sale of her stock\nto Charley Moss of Moss Landing and lived for a time near the old Seven Mile House.\nHer partner in the cattle venture was another \"bachelor,\" Frank Woodward, and from time to time one or another of the\ntwo would work for Major Judd, hauling wood.\nIn her last days, Charley was attended, all unsuspecting, by a twelve-year-old son of the Harmon family named George,\nto whom Charley willed all her meager possessions in return for his kindness. The possessions amounted to about $600\ndeposited with Otto Stoesser in Watsonville.\nCharley died in her lonely cabin in December, 1879, an event that created quite a furor. It was when she was \"laid out\"\nthat it was discovered for the first time that Charley was a woman.\nCharley's partner, Woodward, it is recorded, waxed profane to the extreme when he learned of the deception practiced\non him for so many years.\n\nSources\n\n\nThis article is a chapter from Ghost Towns of the Santa Cruz Mountains, by John V. Young. Western Tanager\nPress, c1979, c1984. It is reproduced with the permission of the author.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n3\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891852"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891843"},["text","AR-058"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891844"},["text","Silent Charley: Charley Parkhurst"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891845"},["text","Young, John V."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891846"},["text","This article is a chapter from Ghost Towns of the Santa Cruz Mountains, by John V. Young. Western Tanager Press, c1979, c1984."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891847"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891848"},["text","1979-"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891849"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891850"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891851"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891853"},["text","Reproduced with the permission of the author."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892885"},["text","Parkhurst, Charley"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892886"},["text","Stagecoaches"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892887"},["text","Santa Cruz Mountains"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892888"},["text","Santa Cruz (County)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"39"},["name","Biography"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"9812","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"11611"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/00422f5b511dfebd9792c90028aaf178.jpg"],["authentication","e0f5a3f46a81d9c08beb406c56a235be"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"9"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"127597"},["text","Photograph Collection"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"267482"},["text","Photographs from the 1860's to the 2000's, documenting the history of Santa Cruz County.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840003"},["text","See the About sectionfor the library's reproduction policy and restrictions on use."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840004"},["text","Various sources were used to identify persons, events, and places. Citations to print sources were abbreviated. See the About section for a list of sources used."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840000"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type \"text\" to images of textual materials."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239840"},["text","Color"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"10"},["name","Physical Dimensions"],["description","The actual physical size of the original image."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239841"},["text","4 1/2\" x 3 1/4\""]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239833"},["text","LH-0626"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239834"},["text","1967"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239835"},["text","Stagecoach in the opening day festivities of the Branciforte Branch Library"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239836"},["text","Crowds watching a stagecoach participating in the opening day festivities of the Branciforte Branch Library, October 8, 1967."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239837"},["text","Source of information: Staff"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239838"},["text","Souza. pp. 115-116."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239839"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"267646"},["text","1960s"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239842"},["text","This photograph is the property of the Santa Cruz Public Libraries, California."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239843"},["text","Restrictions on Use"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239844"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239845"},["text","Branciforte Branch Library"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239846"},["text","Parades"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239847"},["text","Stagecoaches"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239859"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239860"},["text","Image"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239861"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"239862"},["text","PHOTO"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"27"},["name","Libraries"]],["tag",{"tagId":"8"},["name","Public Events"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"11093","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"13462"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/2f0267b588dafce0a615c62469254bd2.jpg"],["authentication","6dba0931568431543098fbcbef936b65"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"2"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109711"},["text","Fugitive Facts"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"119969"},["text","Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.\r\n\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839999"},["text","While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1887314"},["text","If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"119970"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266181"},["text","Digital file"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266170"},["text","Wells Fargo - Santa Cruz Location"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266171"},["text","According to Ernest Otto, Santa Cruz journalist and historian, Wells Fargo was formerly located in the Ely building on Pacific Ave (where the Palomar Hotel now stands)."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266172"},["text","Ernest Otto"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266173"},["text","Wells Fargo"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266174"},["text","Stagecoaches"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266175"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266176"},["text","TEXT"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266177"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266178"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266179"},["text","FF-WELLS"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266180"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Business"]],["tag",{"tagId":"15"},["name","Transportation"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"44117","public":"1","featured":"1"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109713"},["text","Local News Index"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109714"},["text","An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840006"},["text","It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the Santa Cruz Sentinel, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.
Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
\n