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The Spreckels Era in Rio Del Mar, 1872–1922
By Allen Collins
The ranch lands Claus Spreckels purchased in 1872 for about $81,000 comprised almost all of today's Rio Del Mar (ca.
1,150 acres), all of today's Seascape (ca. 500 acres), and nearly 1,000 acres north of today's Highway 1, extending up
Aptos Creek, Cathedral Drive, Trout Gulch and Valencia Creeks.
Aptos was a remote village in 1872. It was a two day trip from San Francisco, where the Spreckels maintained their
principal residence, a 4-story mansion at the corner of Van Ness Avenue and Washington Street. The preferred stagecoach route over the mountains from Los Gatos was the so-called "Santa Clara Turnpike", completed in 1858 - a wagon
road following today's Old San Jose road into Soquel. A secondary route was the so-called "Santa Cruz Turnpike", also
completed in 1858—it followed today's Glenwood Road into Santa Cruz. This road, incidentally, became the preferred
route when it was paved in 1915, and re- routed as Highway 17 in 1934.
Significantly, there were no connecting railroads into our Santa Cruz County in 1872. The Southern Pacific had
completed a road from Gilroy into Monterey the year before—it passed through the village of Pajaro, but did not cross
the river into our Santa Cruz County. Our first rail link to the "outside" was the Santa Cruz Railroad Company's line,
completed in 1876—it followed the same route as today's trackage through Aptos and Rio Del Mar, and terminated at
the Southern Pacific's Pajaro junction. Santa Cruz freight moving in either direction had to be reloaded in Pajaro, for the
Southern Pacific system was broad-gauge and the local system was narrow-gauge. This changed, however, when the
Southern Pacific purchased the local line in 1882, and broad-gauged it in 1883.
As an aside, the South Pacific Coast Railroad, a narrow-gauge from the San Francisco ferry terminal in Alameda to Santa
Cruz, over and though the mountains from Los Gatos, was completed in 1880. This system was purchased by Southern
Pacific in 1887, was broad-gauged after the earthquake in 1906, and ceased operations in 1940.
And then, 25-years later, the Ocean Shore Railroad, a broad-gauge system from San Francisco to Santa Cruz along the
coast was a dream that never quite came true. By 1906, it was operating over the 14 miles between Santa Cruz and
Swanton. By 1908, it was operating between San Francisco and Tunitas Glen. The 26 miles in between were never
completed; stage service was provided. Operations ceased in 1920. Much of today's Highway I north of Half Moon Bay is
on that old railroad bed, including the still troublesome "Devil's Slide" area.
Some words about Claus Spreckels and his family, before we discuss his many contributions to the Aptos/Rio Del Mar
area.
Claus Spreckels was born in 1828 and was raised in the little town of Lamstedt, in the independent Kingdom of Hanover.
The town exists today, about 30-miles west of Hamburg, Germany.
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�All of Europe was in political turmoil while Claus was growing up, particularly the various independent "kingdoms"
throughout what we now know as Germany and Poland. It was the long, drawn-out so-called European revolution of the
1840's.
Claus ran away from it all. At age 17 he took a ship to New York, alone. He could speak no English. On exchange, he had
less than one U.S. dollar when he stepped onto the streets of the big city. He took a job in a grocery store for $4.00 per
month; the boss provided occasional meals and permitted him to sleep in the store. Five years later, in 1849, he could
speak English fluently and he understood the grocery business. It was then that he bought a grocery in Charleston, SC,
and went into business for himself.
Anna Christina Mangels, his childhood sweetheart, immigrated to New York in 1849 and found work as a maid. They
found each other, married in 1852, and had their first child (John D.) in 1853. A couple of years later, they sold their
Charleston store and bought a New York grocery. That didn't work out, so in 1856 they headed for California. It was by
ship to Panama, by mule across the Isthmus, and by ship to San Francisco. Claus was 28 and Anna was 26 at this time. In
San Francisco, it was another grocery store .. on lower Pine Street.
The S.F. store was not enough to keep Claus busy, so he started a brewery in 1857. In 1863, he sold his store for $50,000
and his brewery for $75,000 and organized the small Bay Area Sugar Refinery in San Francisco, and this business, like
those before, boomed. In 1866, he reorganized and built the California Sugar Refinery in San Francisco to produce 12
tons per day. By 1869, he was producing 60 tons per day. By 1871, 125 tons per day. In 1881, he completed a whole new
refinery in San Francisco, producing 900 tons per day! All of this was from sugar cane imported from Hawaii, the
Philippines, China, Java and the Sacramento River Delta (by barge). Traditionally, the brand-name for the Spreckels
product was "Sea Island Sugar"—remember?
Try to imagine two small farms outside the village of Lamstedt in the independent Kingdom of Hanover, in the mid1800s—a town of about 2,500 today 30-miles west of Hamburg, Germany. Claus and brother Peter Spreckels grew up on
Farm No. 1. Claus and sister Anna Christina Mangels grew up on Farm No. 2. The four kids went to school together. At
about the same time, in the Kingdom of Westphalen, further west, Agnes and (twin) sister Anna Lisette Grosse were
growing up an Farm No. 3.
In due time, Claus Spreckels married Anna Mangels (1852); Peter Spreckels married Anna Lisette Grosse (1861); and,
Claus Mangels married Agnes Grosse (1862). Agnes died in 1875 at age 31, and Claus remarried Emma L. Zweig in 1876,
when he was 44 and she was 36.
If that was not enough, the three men acting as a partnership, organized the Bay Sugar Refinery in 1863 and the
California Sugar Refinery in 1866, both headquartered in San Francisco. Considerable family fortunes eventually grew
from those beginnings.
Claus and Anna Spreckels had 13 children, but only 5 lived to maturity: John D., Adolph B., Claus A., Rudolph, and Emma.
In 1865, at age 37, Claus Spreckels spent 8 months in Germany, studying sugar beet farming and beet sugar refining
sciences and technologies not yet applied successfully in the United States. Unquestionably, the economic potential of
sugar from beets, to supplement and/or compete against sugar from cane, had much to do with his purchase of ranch
property in Aptos in 1872. The fact is, he planted sugar beets experimentally on the palisades of today's Rio Del Mar
within months after acquiring the land, and they did well. Thereupon, in 1873, he induced mid- county farmers to grow
sugar beets (by guaranteeing to buy their crops), and built a small refinery in today's Capitola, about where the
firehouse now stands—it was the California Sugar Beet Co. That little plant operated from 1874 to 1879, producing 3.5
tons per day of finished product during the season. Shipping was out of Soquel Landing (today's Capitola Wharf), and
sugar beets soon became an important mid-county crop.
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�It didn't take Claus Spreckels long to realize that the fertile bottom-lands of the vast Pajaro and Salinas valleys were
better suited for sugar beet production than the limited bench-lands of our mid-county. Accordingly, he formed the
Western Beet Sugar Co. in 1888, and built an enormous refinery in Watsonville on land donated by Charles Ford; 50 tons
per day to start, 700 tons per day in 1892, 1,000 tons per day in 1895. This plant operated for 10 years, until it was
superseded by an even larger refinery near Salinas—the town that became Spreckels. In 1898 the new plant was
producing 3,000-tons per day! Shipping to/from the Watsonville and Salinas plants was mostly by a private Spreckelsowned narrow-gauge railroad system to/from the docks at Moss Landing.
One could argue that the beet sugar industry in the United States was born on the experimental farms of Claus Spreckels
120 years ago, right here in today's Rio Del Mar.
Almost sadly, the Spreckels' Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad became obsolete when good roads and dependable
trucks came along; the whole system was sold to the Southern Pacific in 1929 for "land value". And then, on July 31,
1982, the 94 year old Spreckels Sugar Refinery in the town of Spreckels was closed permanently, the victim of "progress"
in the chemistry of sweetening and the technology of farming and refining.
A man named Frederick Augusta Hihn (pronounced "heen", another German immigrant) had been a prominent
entrepreneur in our country for 20 years before Claus Spreckels arrived. Amongst many other things, Hihn had acquired
all of the (undeveloped) land comprising today's Capitola, vast timber resources in the Valencia Creek watershed, and
strategic parcels of land in and near Aptos Village. Understandably, when (in 1866) the Southern Pacific announced its
plans to build a railroad from Gilroy to Monterey, Hihn started promoting a connecting line into Santa Cruz County. The
road to Monterey was completed in 1871. Within weeks after Claus Spreckels purchased his Aptos Ranch in 1872, he
joined Hihn in promoting (financially and otherwise) a connecting line into Santa Cruz County—it would pass through his
property, as well as Hihn's.
Besides the obvious freight advantages, these men saw the economic potential of tourism in mid-county when travel
time to the cool coast from the hot valleys and congested Bay Area cities would be reduced from two days to a matter of
hours. Claus Spreckels started building an enormous semi-private resort hotel complex in today's Rio Del Mar "flats"—
the "Aptos Hotel"—it opened for business in June, 1875, 11 months before the first through train passed by. Fred Hihn
started developing Soquel landing (Camp Capitola) at about the same time, and in 1880 he built a massive logginglumber camp 3-4 miles up Valencia Creek, complete with a sawmill and a connecting narrow-gauge railroad into Aptos
Village.
The main building of Spreckels' "Aptos Hotel" was located near Aptos Creek, on the rise between today's Spreckels and
Moosehead Drives, on today's Claus Court. It was huge (170-ft by 130-ft in plan view, 3 stories), and as elegant as it
could be in those times: acetylene gas lights in every room, a bathroom on every floor, an elevator (reportedly "the first,
south of San Francisco"), enormous high ceiling lobbies and dining rooms beautifully furnished, great verandas with
spectacular views across Aptos Creek Lagoon to the beach and bay, manicured landscaping, etc. Across the street
(today's Spreckels Drive) was a recreational club, complete with a "game" room, a bowling alley, a bar room, and a
convertible dance-hall. Nearby was a gas-lighted pedestrian bridge over the "moat" to "Lover 's Retreat", an island
(literally) in Aptos Creek, on which was an outdoor dance pavilion under a natural stand of live oaks. "Lover's Retreat" is
known today as Treasure Island, although it is no longer an island. On a shelf overlooking the hotel (today's Wixon Drive)
were nine "honeymoon cottages", tastefully appointed, with sweeping views. Down the road (today's Treasure Island
Dr.) was a vast livery stable and equestrian center for the convenience of guests. A private residence for the manager
was on today's Bay View Court. The first manager was B.F. Bauer, formerly the California State Treasurer. The second
manager was John Mangels, a nephew of Anna Spreckels. He had come from Germany and married Emmeline Corcoran,
a daughter of James and Mary (Bowen) Corcoran, whose farm surrounded Corcoran Lagoon in Live Oak.
Interestingly, along Spreckels Drive today in the area of Claus Court, there is a distinctive grove of rugged old Cedar-ofLebanon trees. These were planted as an attraction on the grounds of the Aptos Hotel in the 1870's.
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�The Santa Cruz Sentinel (6-12-1875) described the Aptos Hotel compound as the "Newport of the Pacific", comparing it
to Newport, Rhode Island. It was grand and glorious, to be sure, but it failed financially for a number of reasons. Aptos
Village became a rough-and-tumble, booming industrial center when the railroad came in to support massive logging
and sawmilling operations in the Aptos and Valencia Creek watersheds .. it became unattractive as a resort community.
The competition for tourism along the Central Coast intensified, particularly after the more direct railroad from Los
Gatos over and through the mountains was commissioned in 1880. As an attraction, the Aptos Hotel was crowded out
by Southern Pacific's fabulous Del Monte Hotel (1881), Camp Capitola the "tent city" (1879), the massive Capitola Hotel
(1883), the long-famous Sea Beach Hotel at the Santa Cruz beachfront (1886), and others.
The Aptos Hotel was dismantled very carefully in 1896 to avoid vandalism and to salvage the lumber (particularly the
massive hand-hewn redwood supporting timbers) which was to be used in constructing the huge beet sugar refinery
complex near Salinas; the town of Spreckels. The nine "honeymoon" cottages at the Aptos Hotel were moved to
Spreckels, to become employee residences.
The Spreckels family completed an enormous 2-story ranch home for themselves in the 1870s. From a knoll, it faced the
Coast Road (Soquel Drive) diagonally across today's freeway from the Arco Service Station in Rio Del Mar. With its
columned verandas all around the first floor and open porches all around the second floor, it was a landmark for 50years. It burned to the ground in 1929—two lovely old magnolia trees out front and the concrete foundations are all
that remain to mark the spot. The ranch buildings (barns, stables, maintenance shops, equipment sheds, etc.) and
corrals were located where today's Rio Del Mar interchange extends north from the freeway, in the general area of
today's Redwood Village and Pacific Telephone's regional center.
The view from the Spreckels' home was across the Coast Road (Soquel Drive) to Valencia Lagoon and the oak-studded
ridge comprising the north section of today's Rio Del Mar. That lagoon, incidentally, was a sizeable body of water before
the freeway cut through it in 1948—what is left today is the fenced-off breeding ground for our rare, near-extinct longtoed salamanders. The Spreckels built a 12-ft high wooden fence around 170-acres of that oak-studded ridge to create a
park, which they stocked with deer and elk—a private hunting preserve. That fence ran along today's Bonita Drive on
the north side of the ridge, and today's Monterey Drive on the south side of the ridge. It zigzagged across the ridge
about opposite today's Golf Lodge. Valencia Lagoon was the "water hole" for the deer and the elk. It was from this game
reserve that the Deer Park Tavern and Shopping Center were named.
Interestingly, the Spreckels clan built four architecturally similar homes between 1873 and 1888. The first was for Claus
and Anna (Mangels) Spreckels, as described above. The second was for John and Emmeline (Corcoran) Mangels on Eay
View Court in Rio Del Mar (he was a nephew of Claus and Agnes (Grosse) Mangels; she was a daughter of James
Corcoran, for whom Corcoran Lagoon in Live Oak was named)—it was smaller, and was torn down by the Rio Del Mar
developers in 1925. The third was for Claus and Anna (Mangels) Spreckels in the Punahou District of Honolulu—it was
almost identical to the first; it was partially dismantled and moved in 1915, and burned in 1954. The fourth was for Claus
and Anna (Zweig) Mangels in 1888 (he was brother-in-law and business partner of Claus Spreckels; a second marriage for
him) a mile up Aptos Creek from the village; it was almost identical to the first and third. The "Mangels' House" is a well
preserved historical monument; a popular bed-and-breakfast operation today.
A gentleman named Peter Larsen, a Danish immigrant, was the resident ranch and project manager for Spreckels from
the beginning, in 1872. The Larsen's home (provided by the Spreckels) was across the Coast Road (Soquel Drive) from
the barn yards; it backed-up to today's Arco Service Station in Rio Del Mar and stood in the middle of today's freeway.
The Larsens raised five children in that home—daughter Norma (Mrs. Roy Day—Day Valley fame), a widow, was living
with a niece (Mrs. Frank B. Lewis) in Rio in 1982. That home, incidentally, was acquired by George Carroll Humes (Humes
Avenue and Humes Court in Rio) in 1924. His sister, Harriett Humes Sweet converted the downstairs to the Deer Park
Tea Room, which became the social center of the community and was the forerunner of the now famous Deer Park
Tavern, before and after the freeway in 1948.
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�As an aside, Peter Larsen bought a 100-acre spread from Jose and Augustia (Castro) Arano (of Bay View Hotel fame) for
$3,000 in 1890; it was for his retirement. That parcel faced the Coast Road (Soquel Dr.) across from today's Rancho Del
Mar Shopping Center. It ran north to beyond today's Aptos Library, and back as far as Aptos Creek; it had been giftdeeded to Augustia by her parents in 1866. The Larsen's retirement home was built exactly where the Chevron Service
Station is today.
Jose Arano never got to the bank with that $3,000 in 1890. He ran away, abandoning his family and hotel business. He
was found 10-years later, living as a hermit in Ventura, and was returned to Aptos. He died in the Bay View Hotel in
1928; age 91.
Aptos (Rio Del Mar) was once a seaport, believe it or not. In 1850 Rafael Castro built a 500-ft wharf near the mouth of
Aptos Creek—he shipped hides, cattle, grain and flour (from his Cascade Grist Mill, which stood on today's Creek Drive).
The wharf was extended to 900-ft in 1867 to ship cord-wood, an important industrial fuel in those days. And then, Claus
Spreckels restructured it and extended it to 1,000-ft in 1880, to accommodate his own large ships (the Oceanic
Steamship Company) hauling sugar cane from Hawaii to his San Francisco refinery, and redwood lumber as back-haul
from Aptos to Hawaii. In this connection, Spreckels ran a narrow-gauge railroad spur from the lumber yards in Aptos
Village to his wharf. A major sea-storm in 1889 wrecked the wharf structure, and it was never rebuilt—the broken pilings
can be seen today on occasion at low tide, as can pieces of steel rail, sticking out of the sand.
Claus Spreckels died of pneumonia in his San Francisco mansion the day after Christmas, 1908—he was 80. His wife
(Anna Christina) died in that mansion February 15, 1910; she too was 80.
The main-line businesses and properties went to their sons John and Rudolph Spreckels before the death of their father.
For this reason, they were specifically excluded as beneficiaries in the Will of Claus Spreckels. The personal property,
including the Aptos Ranch, reverted to the San Christina Investment Co. which was managed by and for the widow, sons
Claus A. and Rudolph, and daughter Emma C. (Spreckels) Ferris-Hutton.
The San Christina Investment Co. continued to operate the Aptos Ranch almost dutifully throughout WW-I, but
permitted the facilities to deteriorate, sadly. Finally, in July, 1922, it sold out completely to Fred A. and (wife) Phoebe F.
Somers, investors/developers from Pomona, CA; some 2,390-acres, including improvements, for $200,000—$92 per
acre.
Sources
This article is an excerpt from Rio Del Mar: a Sedate Residential Community, the Depth of its Character, 225
Years of Local History, by Allen Collins, published by the author, May 1995.
Copyright 1995 Allen Collins. Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins.
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
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This article is an excerpt from Rio Del Mar: a Sedate Residential Community, the Depth of its Character, 225 Years of Local History, by Allen Collins, published by the author, May 1995.
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Copyright 1995 Allen Collins. Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins.
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Spreckels, Claus
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Aptos
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Hotels Camps Etc.
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The Early Years: Rio Del Mar and Aptos
By Allen Collins
"Rio Del Mar" (River to the Sea) was coined as a rhythmic, catchy place-name in the late 1920s to sell residential real
estate. Historically as a name, it has no significance.
"Aptos", on the other hand, is blessed with important historical significance. ln October, 1769, when the first land
expedition rode through our area (the Portola party) there was a well established Indian village on the flat where today's
Aptos and Valencia Creeks join, that flood-plain down behind today's Aptos Village. The Indians stated the name of the
place, and it sounded like "Awotos" to the Spanish reporters—it was thought to mean "the meeting of the waters".
Some 22 years later, when the Franciscan priests set out to establish Mission Santa Cruz, and started baptizing local
Indians (the first in 1791), they recorded the names and addresses of their converts, in phonetic Spanish spelling. In the
Mission records, "Awotos" came out variously as Aptos, Avtos, and Abtos. Interestingly, some 47 such local "addresses"
were reported in the baptismal logs of Mission Santa Cruz, but only three have survived; Aptos, Soquel, and Zayante.
Despite the sea voyage of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (a Portuguese in the service of Spain) along our coast in 1542, during
which he reported upon a "Bay of Pines" at the latitude of today's Monterey Bay, and the sea-voyage of Sir Francis Drake
(an Englishman) in 1578, during which he claimed "the land" (at Drakes Bay?) for Queen Elizabeth, Sebastian Viscaino (a
Spaniard) is given credit for being the first to sail into (and name) Monterey Bay, in 1602. From his deck (or a beach), he
raised his arms and ceremoniously claimed the "new land" for Spain. The Spanish era started with that proclamation,
although the native Costanoan (coastal) Indians didn't know it! The Gaspar de Portola expeditions in 1769 and 1770
were the first Spaniards to pass through our area by land. The construction crew for temporary structures preceding
Mission Santa Cruz included the first "permanent" Spanish residents in our area; they made camp by the San Lorenzo
river in September, 1791.
The chapel of "Mission La Exaltacion de la Santa Cruz" (the official name) was dedicated in May, 1794, but mission
"services" (religious, educational, agricultural, commercial) got underway long before, and expanded rapidly. By about
1920, the mission organization was controlling the use of most coastal lands within today's Santa Cruz County on an
absolute basis; it owned herds of 4,000-plus cattle, 8,000 sheep, 900 horses, vast grain/corn fields, orchards and
vegetable farms, a grist mill, a leather tannery, etc. It was a big booming business, but as usual, even today, problems
developed. Consider three of those problems:
1. The local Indian population did not take well to long hard days of regulated labor, abundant food and rich diet,
new moral and educational standards and new diseases. In a matter of years, their population (and the size of
the Mission's work force) declined dramatically.
2. Government officials in Madrid were anxious to speed-up Spanish colonization of our coast, to protect against
invasions by the Russians already in Alaska with an established outpost at Fort Ross, by the English already in
western Canada with ships off our coast, by the French with whalers and warships in the Pacific, or by the U.S.
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�pushing west overland. The mission system seemed too slow. Accordingly, a number of "pueblos" were
authorized in 1797, to be independent of church and military rule. Branciforte, across the San Lorenzo River
from Mission Santa Cruz, was one of those, and 8 convicts (4 with wives and families) from Guadalajara were
moved-in to start the community, choosing the rigors of colonization instead of jail sentences. Thereafter,
starting in 1797, Spanish soldiers completing 10-year mandatory enlistments in Alta California, were granted
pensions and promised homes (which they never got!) if they would settle with their families in Branciforte, and
remain on military call. The Jose Joaquin Castro family, later of local fame, was one of those. In time, Villa
Branciforte grew bold and strong, while Mission Santa Cruz grew weaker, so the competition for control and use
of natural resources and land shifted away from the church.
3. There were no enforceable governmental systems for recognizing ownership or protecting private property
rights in frontier areas. Land "squatting" was prevalent in those years; it was the only way. So-called mission
lands were simply taken over by families in need, and no penalties or property lines were involved.
Understandably, there would be conflicts down the road.
Mexico became a free and independent nation in 1821, severing its 200-plus year relationship with Spain. The political
turmoil that followed reflected itself significantly in our area. In 1834, for example, the Mexican government ordered
the secularization of the whole mission system. Locally, all the management and administrative functions of Mission
Santa Cruz were given over to the civil authorities of Villa Branciforte. The mission organization faded fast; the last
Franciscan priest was withdrawn in 1849; earthquakes in 1845 and 1857 destroyed the mission structures.
From 1833 to 1844, to settle jurisdictional disputes and land-use problems along the Central Coast, and to reward the
most prominent Branciforte settlers and their children, the new Mexican government granted vast tracts of land to
individuals; a total of 22 grants involving 150,000-plus acres in our area. This was really the first time in local history that
clear-cut land-ownership by individuals and property lines had been established authoritatively and recorded.
"Don" (gentleman) Rafael de Jesus Castro (b. 1803, d. 1878), third of 16 children of Jose Joaquin Castro, received 6,680
acres in 1833: Rancho Aptos, running from (today's) Cabrillo College to almost La Selva Beach, from the shoreline two to
three miles inland, including all of today's Rio Del Mar. This man was a very enterprising and colorful character. He and
his wife, Soledad Cota, made firm policy of granting large parcels of their Rancho land to each of their 12 children when
they matured or married, whichever came first, and that kept the family close at hand, at least for a while. Together, this
Castro clan made important history in the Aptos area; books have been written about their individual achievements and
failures.
Rafael and Soledad, and a number of their heirs are buried in the Mt. Carmel Cemetery associated with the Resurrection
Church across Soquel Drive from the Aptos Library. The Castro family plot is marked by a 12-ft. high monument, visible
from the street; the related Arano and Melville family plots are adjacent.
Rafael Castro was a cattle-rancher, primarily, but was a shewed business man in many other fields. His stock ran loose,
and he didn't care, for his father (Joaquin) was granted Rancho San Andreas (13,000 acres immediately downcoast), and
his sister (Martina) was granted Rancho Soquel (1,668 acres immediately upcoast) and Soquel Augmentation (32,702
acres immediately inland). Their branded herds intermingled to some extent, but stayed within the family.
Next, the Mexican-American War, 1846-1848, one result of which was that California became a U.S. Territory. Mexican
rule had lasted only 27 years. And then, remember, gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, near Sacramento, in February,
1848. The gold rush was on, and California was admitted to the Union as the 31st state in September, 1850. Important
things were happening, and fast.
All of a sudden the famous Mexican land grants were in jeopardy; they had to be reviewed in infinite detail and certified
("patented") by the U.S. Government. Rafael Castro's Aptos Rancho was finally "patented" in 1860. If you want to see
and feel some exciting local history, in beautiful long-hand penmanship, stop by at some convenient time at the
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�Recorder's Office on the second floor of our County Government Center in Santa Cruz: Diana Ray, who has run the place
for years, will extend every courtesy in showing you Volume I of Patents, Page 27, Recorded April 23, 1860. Therein for
the record is the whole detailed story of Rancho Aptos ... you will have had a rare educational experience, even if you
don't read it all.
Rafael and Soledad Castro were having marital problems in the early 1870's, and two divorce actions were initiated by
Soledad. The problems of dividing the vast and diverse assets of Rancho Aptos under California's Community Property
Laws were overwhelming. About that time (1872), perhaps having heard of the family problems, along came Claus
Spreckels, the fabulously wealthy "Sugar King" of San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands (today's Hawaii). He bargained
to buy all but the Castro's 15-acre homesite and an 83-acre farm strip of Rancho Aptos for $71,900 cash-in-hand; those
2,390 acres that had not been gift-deeded earlier to the Castro children or sold to others. That sale simplified and solved
the Castros' problems, and the second divorce action was dismissed two days later.
Before the year was out, Spreckels had purchased an additional 450+ acres from two of the Castro children at $30-$40
per acre. With all of this, today's Rio del Mar became a small part of the new Aptos Ranch of Claus Spreckels.
The Spreckels arrival into the Aptos area in 1872 seemed to mark the end of the Indian-Spanish-Mexican dominance,
and the beginning of "Americanization".
Sources
This article is an excerpt from Rio Del Mar: a Sedate Residential Community, the Depth of its Character, 225
Years of Local History, by Allen Collins, published by the author, May 1995.
Copyright 1995 Allen Collins. Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins.
The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history
information. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a
variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,
please contact the Webmaster.
3
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Santa Cruz History Articles
Description
An account of the resource
Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books.
Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.
It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The early years: Rio Del Mar and Aptos
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
AR-020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Collins, Allen
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
This article is an excerpt from Rio Del Mar: a Sedate Residential Community, the Depth of its Character, 225 Years of Local History, by Allen Collins, published by the author, May 1995.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright 1995 Allen Collins. Reproduced with the permission of Hester Collins.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
05-1995
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
En
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
ARTICLE
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Rio Del Mar
Aptos
Subject
The topic of the resource
Aptos
Rio Del Mar
Castro, Rafael
Spreckels, Claus
Biography
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/412af175d41d7fe448106e471d4c768b.PDF
56356368b38dffd92cd36d2296edc76a
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-54777
Title
A name given to the resource
Round and round we go
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hibble, John
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
0000-00-00
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Aptos Life</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Traffic Patterns
Rio Del Mar
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Undated
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Traffic Patterns
-
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PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-52369
Title
A name given to the resource
Roundabout could be 'round the bend
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
McCord, Shanna
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-06-13
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Santa Cruz Sentinel</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Traffic Patterns
Rio Del Mar
Aptos
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
2010s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Traffic Patterns
-
https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/c0b9217cb853cc8f2fe239df2299139c.PDF
126fb84d81fadb1cd85b602df20539b2
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-51235
Title
A name given to the resource
Rio residents ready with water petitions
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1981-01-23
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Watsonville Register-Pajaronian</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Water Supply
Rio Del Mar
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Water Supply
-
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00ae838296179511e05ad253c2f5c5d6
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-51206
Title
A name given to the resource
Special Water Assessment District In RDM In Limbo
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Muraoka, Keith
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-07-08
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Santa Cruz Sentinel</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Water Supply
Rio Del Mar
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Water Supply
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-49046
Title
A name given to the resource
Rio political flap continues
Description
An account of the resource
Robley Levy, Marilyn Liddicoat
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Bob
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-11-05
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Green Sheet</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Santa Cruz County-Politics and Government
Board of Supervisors
Rio Del Mar
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Santa Cruz County-Politics and Government
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-48988
Title
A name given to the resource
RDM stands firm, opposes recall drive
Description
An account of the resource
Supervisor Marilyn Liddicoat
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Bob
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979-06-06
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Green Sheet</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Santa Cruz County-Politics and Government
Rio Del Mar
Board of Supervisors
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1970s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Santa Cruz County-Politics and Government
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-48607
Title
A name given to the resource
No welcome mat in Rio
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
O'Brien, Bud
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1981-02-21
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Green Sheet</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Santa Cruz County-Planning
Rio Del Mar
Seascape
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Santa Cruz County-Planning
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local News Index
Description
An account of the resource
An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.
It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the <em>Santa Cruz Sentinel</em>, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.<br /><br />Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.<br /><br /> In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from <em>The Mountain Echo.</em> The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see <a href="https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/show/134957#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0">The Mountain Echo</a>.
Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/contact/">Ask Us.<br /><br /></a>
<p></p>
While there is some overlap between this index and <a href="https://www.santacruzpl.org/historic_newspaper_index/">the Historic Newspaper Index</a><a> (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately.</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
PAPER
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
CF-48601
Title
A name given to the resource
Plan's vistor-oriented concept irks coastal residents
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Wallace, Lane
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-11-22
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<i>Green Sheet</i>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Santa Cruz County-Planning
Rio Del Mar
Seacliff
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Santa Cruz Public Libraries
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text
Language
A language of the resource
EN
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
NEWS
DOCUMENT
Clipping branch location: Downtown
Clipping filed under: Santa Cruz County-Planning