["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Municipal+Wharf&output=omeka-json","accessDate":"2024-03-28T04:44:49-07:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","1"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","8"]]],["item",{"itemId":"134360","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"20797"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/a2f3f90671ad43c1be65feebc08f9dbf.pdf"],["authentication","e81dcfa54117be7eaf912ec0fbb8b92a"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1899578"},["text","The Santa Cruz Wharf\nBy Ross Eric Gibson\n\nThe 80-year-old Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf has been undergoing its first face lift in 30 years. The past few years have\nseen new wharf-style rough plank buildings constructed, streamers, night-lighting and elimination of parking meters. A\nproject to improve the wharf entrance is nearing completion.\nThe Municipal Wharf is only the most recent of the six wharves that have graced the \"harbor,\" a term long used to\ndescribe the area between Lighthouse Point and the San Lorenzo River mouth. With the town's wealth of agriculture,\nlumber, leather, lime and gunpowder, early Santa Cruz developed as the second major port city in Northern California.\nThe waterfront was expected to become the city's downtown, with Main Street laid out on Beach Hill. But circumstance\ndid not oblige.\nPrior to the wharves, lumber was floated through the surf to ships, and goods were ferried out on rowboats. This didn't\nalways keep things dry, and splashed sacks of potatoes and produce could start to rot on the way to market. Female\npassengers were brought ashore by rowboats, then carried through the surf in the arms of sailors.\nIn 1849, town founder Elihu Anthony built an inclined wharf at the end of Bay Street, which acted as a chute for loading\npotatoes onto ships. At the same time, he built the first bridge in the county to give access to his wharf, on West Cliff\nDrive. It's today the site of the last \"Howe strut\" bridge in Northern California. The wharf was bought in 1853 by the\nJordan and Davis Limeworks, which became Henry Cowell Limeworks in 1867.\nCowell's wharf collapsed in a storm in 1907. For 50 years after, all that was left was a tall piling, rising from the sea.\nThe second wharf, slightly west of today's Municipal Wharf, was\nconstructed by David Gharky in 1856 and lengthened in 1863. It was\npurchased by the South Pacific Coast Railroad in 1875 and became\nthe Railroad Wharf, with tracks running out to the end. Here freight\ncould be unloaded directly onto steamships, and ship passengers\ncould reach county destinations directly by train.\nDuring the Civil War, Gharky constructed a high wharf extending out\nfrom Second and Main streets on Beach Hill, to serve the\nThe Railroad Wharf, undated photo\nPowderworks, the only gunpowder factory in the west. It became\nknown as the Steamship Wharf when the Pacific Coast Steamship\nCompany made it its local headquarters.\nIn 1877, a rail line was extended from the Railroad Wharf to the Steamship Wharf via an \"S-shaped\" connecting wharf.\nWhen this link and the Steamship Wharf were demolished in 1882, the steamship company set up offices at the end of\nthe Railroad Wharf.\n1\n\n�In 1904, the new boardwalk included a pier carrying a pipeline to the\nplunge building, which filled the pool daily with fresh, heated salt\nwater. It was first called the \"Electric Pier\" for its night-lighting, then\nthe \"Pleasure Pier.\" Here boat launches brought people to the\namusement ship \"Balboa\" anchored offshore. The pier was torn\ndown around 1965, [actual date according to the S.C. Seaside\nCompany was 1963--RAP, ed.] when the plunge became a miniature\ngolf course.\nNone of the existing wharves could serve deep-water ships. So, the\n3,000-foot Municipal Wharf was constructed in 1914, with its end\nbent to the west for a steamship dock and freight warehouse. Its\noriginal 2,000-plus pilings were 70- foot-long Douglas fir logs driven 21 feet into the ocean floor. The wharf rail line was\nshifted to the Municipal Wharf, and the old Railroad Wharf became part of a sardine cannery before being demolished\nin 1922.\nThe Pier at the Boardwalk, 1904\n\nThe Municipal Wharf's Italian fishing community originated in the 1870s on the Railroad Wharf. Most came from Genoa.\nTheir boats with slanted lateen sails dated back in style to ancient Egypt. The wharf was lined with davits to hoist fishing\nboats for storage and repairs.\nThe wharf was alive, with fishermen drying and mending their nets, cleaning their catch, and displaying the large or\nunusual sea creatures brought up from the deep. A small aquarium on the wharf displayed living specimens donated on\na regular basis by the fishermen. Many of the early Italian names are well known from their fishing fleets, fish markets\nand restaurants at the wharf.\nThe Stagneros, Castagnolas, Faraolas, Ghios, and Carniglias are still prominent in town. They'll tell you that when the\nyacht harbor was built in 1963 and the wharf davits were removed, much of the life went out of the wharf. Today\nfishing, boating, kayaking, sightseeing cruises, para-sailing, scuba diving and shopping have returned some of the vitality\nof its maritime past.\n\nSources\n\n\n\nThis article originally appeared in the San Jose Mercury News, July 19, 1994, p. 1B. Copyright 1994 Ross Eric\nGibson. Reprinted with the permission of Ross Eric Gibson.\nPhotographs from the Santa Cruz Public Libraries' collection.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n2\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891821"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Photographs from the Santa Cruz Public Libraries' collection."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891816"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891817"},["text","7/19/1994"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891818"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891819"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891820"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891822"},["text","Copyright 1994 Ross Eric Gibson. Reprinted with the permission of Ross Eric Gibson."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892873"},["text","Wharves and Piers"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892874"},["text","Municipal Wharf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892875"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"6"},["name","Wharves and Harbors"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"130735","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"13839"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/b6d4f7c1e1477d940efd634fd8f8582a.PDF"],["authentication","4f83227eb0cf6c4c61b41c9e53c771d3"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894657"},["text","����"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894645"},["text","While there is some overlap between this index and the Historic Newspaper Index (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839995"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839755"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839742"},["text","Wharf dreams: Stagnaro Bros. Restaurant and Seafood Enterprises celebrates 80 years on the Santa Cruz Waterfront"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839743"},["text","Dunn, Geoffrey"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839744"},["text","Santa Cruz Style v6 n1: 60-63"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839745"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839746"},["text","2017-Spring"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839747"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839748"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839749"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839750"},["text","SCS-V6N1-60"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839751"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839752"},["text","1930s"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839753"},["text","2010s"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839754"},["text","Reproduced by permission of Santa Cruz Style Magazine LLC."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839800"},["text","Restaurants"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839801"},["text","Stagnaro Bros. Restaurant"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839802"},["text","Stagnaro Family"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839803"},["text","Municipal Wharf"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839804"},["text","Fish and Fishing"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Business"]],["tag",{"tagId":"31"},["name","Industries"]],["tag",{"tagId":"6"},["name","Wharves and Harbors"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"75870","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"13711"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/aecd041876647ac2ad7d6bdd4785c7a8.jpg"],["authentication","1a68a00683c1c748b4ae4e7ed0caa385"]],["file",{"fileId":"13712"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/6abd2b573cfe824a98058c6b8be2edc5.jpg"],["authentication","bff68638458d3f98a2f9077867d378d4"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"112573"},["text","Postcard Collection"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"267483"},["text","Postcards, scanned front and back, depicting Santa Cruz County from the 1880’s to the present."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840005"},["text","See the About section for the library's reproduction policy and restrictions on use."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839998"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type \"text\" to images of textual materials."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063713"},["text","POSTCARD"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"10"},["name","Physical Dimensions"],["description","The actual physical size of the original image."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063714"},["text","3 1/2 x 5 1/2"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063704"},["text","Beach at Santa Cruz [and Dream Inn]"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063705"},["text","Elston, Deborah Maddock"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063706"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063707"},["text","IMAGE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063708"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063709"},["text","POSTCARD"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063710"},["text","PC-ELSTON-020"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063711"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063712"},["text","This postcard is the property of Deborah Maddock Elston."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063809"},["text","Dream Inn"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063810"},["text","Casino (Boardwalk)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063811"},["text","Santa Cruz and Cowell Beaches"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1063812"},["text","Municipal Wharf"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Business"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3"},["name","Tourist Attractions"]],["tag",{"tagId":"6"},["name","Wharves and Harbors"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"11103","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"13821","order":"1"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/7550e1ab4d1ed00919b99d7e09add8b2.pdf"],["authentication","8c251519e7518fd6888f844a3e4dbcbf"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894860"},["text","Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History\n\nRailroad Wharf (foreground) and Cowell Wharf, c1890s\n\nNotes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\nBy Frank Perry, Barry Brown, Rick Hyman, and Stanley D. Stevens\nJune, 2012\nNew research is rewriting part of Santa Cruz’s wharf history. Five different wharves have\ngraced the Santa Cruz shoreline over the years: the Cowell Wharf, Gharky Wharf, Railroad\nWharf, Municipal Wharf, and Pleasure Pier. There was also, briefly, the Connecting Wharf,\nwhich linked the Gharky and Railroad Wharves. Some of the wharves have gone by several\ndifferent names, making their history rather confusing. Other names that have been used\ninclude “Powder Mill Wharf” and “Steamship Wharf” for the Gharky Wharf, “Davis and Jordan\nWharf,” “Davis and Cowell Wharf,” and “Lime Kiln Wharf” for the Cowell Wharf, “Cross Wharf”\nfor the Connecting Wharf, and “Fishermen’s Wharf” for both the Railroad Wharf and Municipal\nWharf.\nIt is not the intent of this essay to provide a detailed history of all the wharves, but primarily\nto clarify the relationship between the Gharky Wharf and the Railroad Wharf. Since the middle\n1900s, most Santa Cruz area historians have written that the Gharky Wharf, built by David\nGharky in 1857, later became the Railroad Wharf. In fact, the Gharky Wharf became the\nPowder Mill Wharf, and the Railroad Wharf was newly built in 1875 for the Santa Cruz and\nFelton Railroad. How did this confusion begin? We may never know for sure, but the chronology presented below (mostly contemporary accounts from old newspapers and other primary\nsources) documents the building sequence of the wharves and the beginnings of the error.\n\nBackground\nTo better understand this history, it helps to have some background on a few key players.\nThe California Powder Works located its explosives manufacturing plant on the San\nLorenzo River in 1863. It operated until 1914 and was located where Paradise Park is today.\nIsaac E. Davis and Albion P. Jordan were major lime manufacturers in Santa Cruz from\n1853 to 1865 and operated a wharf at the foot of Bay Street for shipping their product. This\nwharf was the first one built in Santa Cruz (in 1849). After Henry Cowell bought Jordan’s half of\nthe business in 1865, it became known as the Davis and Cowell Wharf, and, still later, as the\nCowell Wharf. For a history of that wharf, see the book, Lime Kiln Legacies, published by the\nMuseum of Art & History, Santa Cruz, 2007 (p. 139).\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\nDavid Gharky was born around 1800 and arrived in Santa Cruz during the winter of\n1852-1853. He built and, for a few years, operated Santa Cruz’s second wharf. He was\nprimarily a farmer and died in 1877.\nIt should be noted that \"Gharky\" has been spelled at least seven different ways. The\npresent-day street is spelled “Gharkey,” which was a common spelling in the 1800s. The 1865\ndeed recording the sale of his wharf to the California Powder Works spelled it “Gharkey,”\n“Gharky,” and “Girkey” within this one document. Spellings in old newspapers include \"Gherky\"\nand “Ghearkey,” while the 1860 census spelled it “Yerkey”—possibly a clue to its pronunciation.\nThe State Legislature, in issuing a wharf franchise in 1856, spelled it “Ghirky.” The strongest\nevidence, however, points to \"Gharky\" as the correct spelling. It is spelled that way in the 1854\npoll list, on an 1866 parcel map, in the 1867 Great Register of Voters, in the 1870 census, in his\nobituary (Sentinel, Sept. 25, 1877, p. 2), and on his tombstone at Evergreen Cemetery. Most\nsignificantly, he signed it that way in his will (see page 14). Given this evidence, we have\nadopted that spelling here, except when quoting others.\nThe Santa Cruz and Felton Railroad ran a narrow gauge line between Felton and Santa\nCruz beginning in 1875.\nThe South Pacific Coast Railroad operated a narrow gauge line through the Santa Cruz\nMountains (linking Santa Cruz with the San Francisco Bay area) starting in 1880. The railroad\nwas purchased by the Southern Pacific in 1887.\n\nConclusions\nThe wharf built at the foot of Main Street by David Gharky in 1857 was mostly acquired by\nthe California Powder Works in 1865 and was demolished in 1882. The Santa Cruz and Felton\nRailroad had a new wharf built at the foot of Pacific Avenue in 1875. It was commonly known as\nthe Railroad Wharf because it was fitted with tracks to accommodate railroad cars. This wharf\nstood until 1922.\nThe Railroad Wharf was entirely new and not a conversion of the Gharky Wharf. In 1877,\nhowever, an S-shaped Connecting Wharf with railroad tracks was built between the two\nwharves. This enabled the railroad to ship from the former Gharky Wharf (then called the\nPowder Mill Wharf) as well as from the Railroad Wharf. The connection eliminated the\ndangerous practice of hauling explosives through town by wagon and storing them on the\nPowder Mill Wharf while waiting to be shipped.\nFrom the 1940s through 2000s, numerous writers stated that the Gharky Wharf was\nconverted to the Railroad Wharf. Authors during the latter part of this period commonly used the\nwritings of Leon Rowland, Preston Sawyer, Warren W. (Skip) Littlefield, and Margaret Koch as\nsources for this information. The oldest example of this confusion discovered to date is from the\n1940s and by Leon Rowland. Leon Rowland was a careful researcher, and his writings and files\nare usually reliable sources of information. He was not, however, infallible.\n\n2\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\nCan this wharf myth ever be exterminated? Probably not. It has been put in print far too\nmany times, but we hope that at least those who read this essay will not perpetuate the error.\n\nWharf Chronology\n• Sentinel, May 23, 1857, p. 2. “A New Dock—is about to be erected by Mr. David Ghearkey, about\nhalf a mile north-east of Davis & Jordan’s long wharf, the length of which, we are told, is to be one\nthousand feet from the water’s edge.” The Gharky Wharf was about 0.25 miles NE of the Davis and\nJordan wharf. So the “half a mile” statement is not very accurate. The “Railroad Wharf” was only a\nlittle over 0.1 miles NE of the Davis and Jordan wharf.\n• Sentinel, June 26, 1858, p. 2. “Mr. Gherky intends extending his wharf several hundred feet\nfarther into the bay.”\n• Sentinel, November 18, 1865, p. 2. “Wharf Sale.—We learn that the California Powder Works\nCompany have purchased Gharky’s wharf, and will hereafter transact all their business, and ship\nfrom that well-known landing.” The transfer was recorded in the Santa Cruz County Book of Deeds,\nVolume 7, pages 773-775, November 10, 1865. The deed also lists personal property sold by\nGharky: \"One Pile Driver and Hammer belonging to said Pile Driver and 3 trucks now used for the\ntransportation of Powder.\"\n• Sentinel, June 5, 1869, p. 2. “The California Powder Company’s wharf is being considerably\nextended.”\n• Sentinel, March 20, 1869, p. 2. “Samuel Adams sold to California Powder Works 3/8 interest in\nland and Gharkey’s wharf, for $2,500.”\n• Sentinel, November 5, 1870, p. 1. “C. B. Gifford of San Jose, who visited us some weeks ago to\ntake a lithographic view of Santa Cruz, has shown us his proof. It is in every respect an excellent\npicture, giving a fine view of the beach, town, and mountains in the background. To all who wish to\npreserve a perfect picture of Santa Cruz, or who wish to send one to their friend in the East to give\nthem some idea of what a beautiful place Santa Cruz is, we recommend this fine work of art.”\nThis bird’s-eye view of Santa Cruz done by artist Charles B. Gifford shows the Cowell Wharf (at\nthe foot of Bay St.) and the Powder Mill Wharf (at foot of Main St.), but NO Railroad Wharf. This\ndramatically shows that the Railroad Wharf was entirely new and post 1870. A reproduction of\nGifford’s lithograph appears in Lime Kiln Legacies, p. 134, and The Birth of California Narrow Gauge,\nfront end papers. The latter book shows another aerial view, done in the late 1870s or early 1880s,\nwith three wharves (printed on the back end papers and on page 314). By this time the third\n(railroad) wharf had been built between the other two. These images are also reproduced below.\n\n3\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\nSome people have argued that the artist must have left out the third wharf in the 1870\nillustration. The above article, however, says that the rendering was very accurate, and it seems\nmost unlikely the artist would omit something as important as a wharf. The wharves are very\nprominent in the drawing, and Santa Cruzans were very proud of their shipping facilities at that time.\nFurthermore, Gifford provided a key to the lithograph in which he numbered and identified important\nfeatures such as Bay Street (#1), Davis & Cowell's Wharf (#3), and the Powder Mill Wharf (#6). For\nthose who still don't trust drawings, however, see the 1866 photograph at the end of this essay.\n• Sentinel, April 17, 1875, p. 3. “The [railroad] wharf contract was let to the Pacific Bridge Co. of\nSan Francisco, work to be completed on or before June 15, 1875. The wharf will be 1,278 feet long\nand will be extended as soon as the company can bring their own piles and lumber on the road and\nflume. It is to be the most complete and substantial structure of the kind ever erected outside of San\nFrancisco.” The term “extended” could be interpreted as meaning that either an old wharf was being\nlengthened or simply that a wharf was being built out into the water. Elsewhere, however, it is called\nthe “new” wharf (see next four entries).\n• Sentinel, April 24, 1875, p. 3. “The Pacific Bridge Co. commenced driving piles this week for the\nnew wharf for the Felton railroad. . . .”\n• Sentinel, December 11, 1875, p. 3. “A large number of workmen are engaged in giving the\nfinishing strokes to the new wharf. . . .”\n• The Local Item, January 14, 1876, p. 1. “The harbor has three wharves. The middle one is new,\ncommodious, and complete, now recently finished, and belongs to the Santa Cruz and San Lorenzo\n[sic] Railroad Company.”\n• Fowler Pope diary, Saturday, January 8, 1876. \"This AM I went down on our new wharf for the first\ntime.\" Pope worked for the railroad. The diary is in the collection of The Museum of Art & History,\nSanta Cruz.\n• Santa Cruz Local Item, August 10, 1877, p. 3. “At a meeting of the Common Council, held last\nWednesday morning, an animated discussion ensued relative to a petition presented by the Felton\nRailroad Company asking the privilege of connecting the Powder Mill and Railroad wharves by a\nnarrow wharf, sufficiently wide, however, to build a track upon and run cars over. . . . The object of\nconnecting the two wharves is safety. When powder is to be shipped, which ever wharf is clear of\nshipping at the time is to be the shipping point, and all danger can thus be avoided.” This and the\nnext few articles document the planning and construction of the Connecting Wharf.\n• Sentinel, August 11, 1877, p. 3. “C. H. Gorrill, President of the Felton Railroad Co. presented to\nthe Council a map, showing the plan for the construction of a wharf to connect the Felton Railroad\n\n4\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\nwharf with the Powder Company's wharf, intending to ship all powder over the wharf and do away\nwith the powder magazine now in use, and storing of powder in the city limits.”\n• Trustees Meeting, Office of the California Powder Works, San Francisco, August 16, 1877. These\nminutes include the text of the agreement between the California Powder Works (CPW) and the\nSanta Cruz and Felton Railroad (SC&FRR) to be entered into the next day. The CPW agreed to\nlease its wharf to the SC&FRR for eight years, beginning November 1, 1877. “Said first party [CPW]\nalso agrees to build and construct or cause to be built and constructed within a reasonable time a\nconnection between said wharves as authorized by ordinance of the city Council of Santa Cruz\nsuitable for running the railroad cars and engine of the second party [SC&FRR] over the same said\nconnection to be built in a manner indicated by the second party provided that the same shall not\ncost the first party to exceed twenty-five-hundred dollars gold coin.” This shows that the Connecting\nWharf was to be a railroad link and was to be paid for by the powder works.\n• Sentinel, September 22, 1877 p. 3. \"Work connecting the Powder Mill and Felton Railroad\nCompany wharves was commenced Thursday.\"\n• Sentinel, September 25, 1877, p. 2. From the obituary for David Gharky: “He was continuously\nengaged in farming, and for a number of years was owner of the Powder Mill Wharf, a property he\nconstructed about the year 1860.” From the first article we know the wharf was actually built in\n1857.\n• Sentinel, October 13, 1877, p. 3. \"The Railroad connection between the Felton and Powder Mill\nwharves is now a fixed fact.\" This would appear to document the completion of the Connecting\nWharf.\n• Sentinel, Feb. 2, 1879, p. 3. \"Following is a statement of receipts and shipments of freight over the\nwharves of the Felton Railroad.\" With the construction of the Connecting Wharf, the railroad had\naccess to two wharves, hence the use of the plural.\n• Correspondence: Bernard Peyton (Superintendent, California Powder Works, Santa Cruz) to I. E.\nDu Pont de Nemours Co., September 24, 1882. “I have just concluded an agreement with the South\nPacific Coast Railroad with which our private road connects—to carry all our freight between the\nMills and San Francisco, up and down, at $2.50 per ton. We cede to them our old wharf—the\nwooden structure, not the land—and they engage to give us free wharfage with all our goods that we\nmay choose to export or import, foreign or coast wise. The agreement is for 10 years. This enables\nus to deliver powder in San Francisco at the cost of 3 1/2 cents per keg against 5 1/2 cents by the\nsea route without counting wharfage or insurance, and is besides very much more convenient. The\nold wharf was not a source of profit to us.” This and the following article help explain why the\nPowder Mill Wharf was demolished by the railroad.\n\n5\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\n• Sentinel, December 30, 1882, p. 2. “The work of demolishing the Powder mill wharf will probably\nrequire from six weeks to two months time. It was not built so quickly, its owner, David Gharky, and\nDavid, Jr., hauling the piles from the then near woods. . . . It fell into the hands of the Powder Co.\nseveral years ago and served them a good purpose till the era of the Felton R. R. Co. This company\nleased it for a long term of years, and when the company gave up the ghost, it fell into the hands of\ntheir successors, the S.P.C.R.R. [South Pacific Coast Railroad]. The company holding the lease\nhave no use for it. It is not to their interest to ship goods by water. That is not what railroads are\nbuilt for. . . . Why the expense, $500, of putting down the Powder mill wharf is incurred, we do not\ndistinctly know, but are informed that to keep the wharf in repair would incur an annual expense of\n$1,000, as its planking is worn out and its piles, the older ones, ready to fall.”\n• Santa Cruz Evening News, October 5, 1922, p. 4. “The [railroad] wharf was built in 1875 and\ncontrary to general opinion, the franchise to erect it was not given under the power of a special act of\nthe legislature but under the provision of a local ordinance adopted and known as No. 85, which was\ngranted to the Santa Cruz and Felton railroad. . . .” This article was written as demolition of the old\nRailroad Wharf commenced. With regard to City Ordinance No. 85, the only mention of any wharf\nrefers to the one the railroad will build at the foot of Pacific Avenue. The rest of the ordinance\ndescribes what the railroad company can do in and on city streets.\n• Leon Rowland card file, Special Collections, McHenry Library, UCSC. Undated. File titled,\nGharkey Wharf. “Franchise granted by legislature in 1856. It later was the railroad wharf and its\nfranchise was renewed for 20 years by the supervisors in 1876. Gharkey’s construction was in 1857.\n(The Sentinel referred to it as ‘the new wharf’). The South Pacific Coast Railroad apparently bought\nthe Gharkey wharf and replaced it.”\nThe word \"apparently\" suggests Rowland was uncertain about this statement. Rowland’s files\nrepresented ongoing research used for his newspaper column and books of the 1940s. He died in\n1952. The file is available online: http://library.ucsc.edu/speccoll/rowland-collection\n.\n• Annals of Santa Cruz, 1947, by Leon Rowland. This book was reprinted in Santa Cruz: The Early\nYears in 1980, and it says on p. 129,\n“The Davis and Jordan wharf was used by the California Powder works when they began\nproducing explosives in 1863, . . . but they soon began construction of a longer wharf off what is\ntoday Santa Cruz’ principal bathing beach, opposite Main street. . . .”\n“When the little seven-mile narrow-gauge Santa Cruz and Felton railroad began operating on\nOctober 13, 1875, the Gharkey wharf became the ‘railroad wharf.’ It was bought by the South\nPacific Coast railroad when that narrow gauge pushed its rails across the hills from Alameda.”\nTwo key statements in this history are inconsistent with the evidence from the primary sources\nquoted earlier. The California Powder Works bought the Gharky Wharf in 1865, and the SC&FRR\nbuilt its own wharf in 1875.\n\n6\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\n• Sentinel, March 4, 1951 in ‘Santa Cruz Yesterdays’ by Preston Sawyer. “Nearest to the camera is\nthe old wharf started by David Gharkey which became known as the ‘railroad’ wharf. In 1875 it was\nsold to the original seven-mile Santa Cruz and Felton narrow gauge line.” The wording suggests\nSawyer used Rowland as a source.\n• News and Notes from the Santa Cruz Historical Society, April, 1955. ‘Early Day Wharves,’ by\nErnest Otto. “Cowell’s Wharf was always known as the first wharf in Santa Cruz, erected about 1849.\nElihu Anthony was one of the main promoters and it was used mainly for the shipping of lumber and\nlime. It was followed by the erection of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company wharf, which ran out\nfrom Main street. Then came, in the late seventies, the Railroad wharf, from Pacific Avenue.”\nOtto got it right. He was born in Santa Cruz in 1871, and his grandfather was a wharfinger. Otto\noften wrote from his own memory. The Powder Mill Wharf was also known in later years as\nthe Steamship Wharf.\n• News and Notes from the Santa Cruz Historical Society, June 1962. ‘Santa Cruz Wharves,’ by\nSkip Littlefield. “Wharf No. 2 — Commonly known as the Railroad wharf, was constructed by David\nGharkey in 1857.”\n• Wharf Notes, 1963, revised 1970, by Skip Littlefield (unpublished). “David Gharkey built the\nRailroad Wharf. . . . Gharkey Wharf became known as Railroad Wharf in 1875.”\n• Santa Cruz County: Parade of the Past, 1972, by Margaret Koch, p. 56. “In 1875 when the narrow\ngauge Santa Cruz-Felton Railroad began operations, the Gharky wharf became the Railroad Wharf.”\nWhile this sentence is not footnoted, she cites Littlefield and Rowland just before this.\n\nThere are dozens of more recent examples from newspaper articles, books, reports,\nexhibits, and websites that state (incorrectly) that the Gharky Wharf became the Railroad Wharf.\nA public display on wharf history installed on the Municipal Wharf in 1984 (and still there as of\nJanuary, 2012) makes the same error.\nThe authors welcome comments or additional information. Frank Perry can be contacted\nthrough the Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History (www.santacruzmuseums.org). We thank\nthe late Edna Kimbro for sharing the information on Charles B. Gifford and the Hagley Library\nfor providing the letter by Bernard Peyton.\n\n7\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nBird's-eye view of Santa Cruz, 1870. The Cowell Wharf is on the left and the Powder Mill\n(formerly Gharky) Wharf is on the right. Note lack of the middle or \"Railroad\nWharf.\" (Cropped from original lithograph in the Bancroft Library.)\n\nThe spelling of “Gharkey” Street is probably an error. The\nmost authoritative sources spell it without the “e.” (Photo by\nF. Perry, 2012.\n\n8\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nBird's-eye view of Santa Cruz, late 1870s or early 1880s. Note the Railroad Wharf located\nbetween the Cowell Wharf and the Powder Mill Wharf. This also shows the S-shaped\n“Connecting Wharf” (in place from 1877 to 1882) between the Railroad Wharf and Powder Mill\nWharf. Bruce McGregor, in his book, The Birth of California Narrow Gauge (p. 314), says that\nthis lithograph is from 1877. A black and white version appeared in the Sentinel, June 24, 1882.\n(Collection of the Bancroft Library.)\n\nAdvertisement for the Pacific Coast\nSteamship Company, Sentinel, July 2,\n1881, p. 1. This uses the terms\n“steamship wharf” and “California\nPowder Co.’s Wharf.” After demolition of\nthe Powder Mill Wharf in 1882, the\nsteamship company office moved to\n“Near the Railway Company’s Wharf.”\n\n9\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nMunicipal Wharf, built in 1914. In the distance on the far left is the old Railroad Wharf, built in\n1875 and dismantled in 1922. In the distance on the right is the Pleasure Pier, built in 1904 to\nsupply seawater to an indoor pool known as “The Plunge” and dismantled in 1962. Note the\nrailroad tracks. (Frank Perry collection)\n\nNew Municipal Wharf (left)\nand old Railroad Wharf, 1914.\n(Santa Cruz Museum of\nNatural History)\n\n10\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nThis photo of the Gharky/Powder Mill Wharf (foot of Main Street on Beach Hill) was taken in\n1866 by Lawrence and Houseworth and is in the collection of the Society of California\nPioneers. It was one of a series fifteen photos taken at Santa Cruz (see Sentinel, Jan. 12,\n1867, p. 3). The camera was at the top of the Cowell Wharf, looking northeast. Note that\nthere is no third wharf between the two. The third or Railroad Wharf was later constructed\njust the other side of the point in the middle of the picture. The Dream Inn is now located\nabove the point and along the cliffs to the left.\n\n11\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nThe Powder Mill Wharf (in distance) and Railroad Wharf with Connecting Wharf\nbetween the two. Photo taken from top of Cowell Wharf between 1877 and 1882.\n(Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History)\n\nAerial photo taken in 1906 showing Cowell Wharf (left), Railroad Wharf (middle),\nand Pleasure Pier (right). Photo by George R. Lawrence and from the Library of\nCongress collection. Restoration by Barry Brown. For more on this photograph, see\n“The Hitherto Impossible In Photography,” by Geoffrey Dunn, Santa Cruz Magazine,\nSpring 2011.\n\n12\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nConnecting Wharf\n(1877-1882)\n\nRailroad Wharf,\naka Fishermenʼs\nWharf (1875-1922)\n\nPleasure Pier\n(1904-1962)\n\nGharky Wharf, aka\nPowder Mill Wharf\n(1857-1882)\n\nMunicipal Wharf\n(1914 to present)\n\nCowell Wharf, aka\nDavis & Jordan Wharf\n(1849-1907)\n\nMap showing locations of Santa Cruz wharves.\n\n13\n\n�Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California\n\nDavid Gharkyʼs will, dated November 3, 1853, and amended June\n12, 1863, shows his last name spelled “Gharky.” (Courtesy of\nStanley D. Stevens)\n14\n\n�"]]]]]]]],["file",{"fileId":"13457","order":"2"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/c859a26e558a9e939f5a02326711f5a1.jpg"],["authentication","8862ccba43ae2429032e5936cd30d8d8"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"2"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109711"},["text","Fugitive Facts"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"119969"},["text","Hard-to-find information about Santa Cruz County, brought to you by SCPL librarians.\r\n\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839999"},["text","While the library has verified the information presented in these files in what it considers to be reliable and authoritative sources, it cannot take responsibility for nor guarantee the accuracy of the information presented."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1887314"},["text","If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"119970"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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The SS Roanoke from San Francisco was present at the time and was the first vessel to dock at the wharf."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266323"},["text","Chase, John. Sidewalk Companion to Santa Cruz Architecture. c.1975. p. 18.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266324"},["text","Koch, Margaret Koch. Santa Cruz County Parade of the Past. c.1973, p.56."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1065303"},["text","Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California.\r\nBy Frank Perry, Barry Brown, Rick Hyman, and Stanley D. Stevens. \r\nJune 2012."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266325"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266326"},["text","1914-12-05"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266327"},["text","TEXT"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266328"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266329"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266330"},["text","FF-MUNICIPAL"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"266331"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1065302"},["text","Notes on the History of Wharves at Santa Cruz, California"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"6"},["name","Wharves and Harbors"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"10224","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"12023"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/83195a437ffca3bd0461652b062c3ecb.jpg"],["authentication","00ef2f8b1faaf78b9cc4837ae880afca"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"9"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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See the About section for a list of sources used."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840000"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"249087"},["text","LH-SCM110"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"249088"},["text","1946-07-04"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"249089"},["text","Fourth of July, 1946, on the \"Pleasure Pier\""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"249090"},["text","Fourth of July, 1946, on the \"Pleasure Pier\" built in 1904 as part of the new boardwalk. 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