["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mountain+Lions&output=omeka-json","accessDate":"2024-03-28T09:05:38-07:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","1"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","9"]]],["item",{"itemId":"134525","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"24156"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/99a1eb8a2f5a58b44d9235f2c2aa7f12.pdf"],["authentication","01a86583adc55ba7e7f79a2b8dda61e8"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1899568"},["text","A Howling Wilderness:\nThe Summit Road Area – Santa Cruz Mountains\nBy Stephen Payne\n\nCitations in the text refer to the Selected Bibliography, Local History Article AR-219.\nSituated between the Town of Los Gatos and the City of Santa Cruz, in the central coast\ncounties of California, is the Summit Road area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The Summit area\nspans two counties: Santa Clara and Santa Cruz, and is roughly bounded on the west by\nHighway 17 and on the east by Loma Prieta Road. The northern boundaries are the Moody\nGulch area, Patchen (an early post office and present state landmark) and Wright's Station\n(abandoned). The southern boundaries are the Skyland-Highland area, Hester Creek School\n(abandoned), and the little burg of Laurel. This area encompasses roughly twenty square miles.\nThe first written record of this area was left by Spanish explorers in the mid-1700's. The Spanish\ncalled the area the Sierra Azul (Blue Mountains) and found the area to be a rough and wild land\nenclosed by giant coast redwoods (Sequoia Sempervirens). An apt description of the Santa Cruz\nMountains was written by a padre in Santa Cruz:\n\"The adjecent mountains were wild and rugged, the canyons deep and dark with the\nshadows of the forest. Coyotes broke the stillness with their dismal howls, and herds of\ndeer slacked their thirst in the clear waters of the San Lorenzo. Grizzly bears were\nnumerous, prowling about in herds, like hogs on a farm.\" (38:4/22/1934)\nIn the early 1850's when the first settlers came into the Summit area of the Santa Cruz\nMountains they found that the region's condition was the same as described by the long\nforgotten padre. Lyman Burrell, who moved to the area with his family in 1853 wrote years\nlater what they found at their new home:\n\n�\"It seemed like a vast, solitary wilderness-no houses, and no roads. I knew that\nbears and lions dwelt here, but I feared them not.\" (17:12/31/1881)\n\"At that time there was no one living in this vacinity. It might truly have been\ncalled a howling wilderness: for these beautiful hills and valleys, now covered\nwith orchards and vineyards, comfortable houses, schoolhouses, good roads,\nwith all kinds of improvement going on, and everywhere teeming with busy life,\nwere then the abode of fierce and dangerous animals. They made their homes in\nthe thickets and hollow trees, and went forth both day and night to seek food for\nthemselves and for their young. Wild cats and lions were often seen prowling\nabout while the sun was shining: and the night was often made hideous by the\nhowling of the coyotes.\" (17:1/28/ 1882,9-96)\nTo this wilderness area came the pioneers of the 1850's. In order to have livestock on their little\nranches carved out of the forests of giant redwoods, they had a constant battle with the\nnumerous grizzly bears and mountain lions of the area. The most famous of the early pioneers\nwas \"Mountain Charley\" (Charles Henry McKiernan). McKiernan hunted throughout the area in\nthe 1850's and killed \"hundreds\" of bears. Although McKiernan usually won his encounters with\nthe four-hundred to one-thousand pound creatures, two almost killed him.\nMcKiernan's first run in with a bear, while not as famous as his second, was, nonetheless an\nexciting adventure. While hunting near Lyman Burrell's ranch, in 1853, McKiernan saw a large\nbear lying near a pond. McKiernan rode his mule to within thirty feet of the sleeping bear,\ndismounted with his musket, took aim at the back of the bear's head and fired. Assuming that\nthe bear was dead, he was slowly reloading his weapon when the bear rose up and charged\nhim. He grabbed at his saddle horn and tried to mount his mule, but the frightened animal\njerked back, threw him, and ran off. Seeing the running mule, the bear returned to her cubs and\nMcKiernan began to search for his gun. Because of his activity the bear was again aroused and\ncharged McKiernan.\nHe took to his heels, and never man ran as he did until he reached home. The bear got pretty\nclose to him at times, and would doubtless have caught him had she not been mortally\nwounded.\nOn the following day McKiernan returned to the spot with a rifle in hand and found the bear\nlying dead with her two cubs at her side. McKiernan took the two cubs home to raise, but four\nmonths later the cubs killed some hogs and he was forced to destroy them. (29)\nMountain Charley's second encounter with a bear almost ended with the bear getting the best\nof McKiernan. On May 8, 1854, McKiernan, in the company of John Taylor, a neighbor, was out\nhunting with Taylor's dog. After killing five deer the men were in the process of dragging the\ncarcasses out of a gulch when they spotted a bear four hundred yards below them feeding with\nher cubs. The men decided to kill the bear and started down an animal trail after it. But as they\nwere going down the trail, the bear started up it. As they were climbing over a mound, the\n\n�startled men saw the bear on the other side. \"The bear gave a snort and plunged at them.\"\nTaylor took a hurried aim and shot, but the bullet missed and he headed for the nearest tree.\nMcKiernan also fired, hitting the bear over its eye, dazing it momentarily. Not having time to\nreload his gun, McKiernan hit the bear over the head until the rifle broke. The enraged grizzly\nrose up\n\"with its tremendous jaws open, and made a snap at Charley, catching him over the\nleft eye and forehead, crushing the skull and tearing out about five by three inches of\nit.\"\nMcKiernan tried to protect his head with his arms, but the bear took the upraised arms in its\nmouth, \"crushing down with her grinders upon one arm, while her tusks passed entirely\nthrough the other, escaping the bone. \" At this point the bear dropped the still-conscious\nhunter and went down the hill to protect her cubs which Taylor's dog was attacking. Taylor,\nthinking that McKiernan was dead, left for McKiernan's home to get a horse to pack his friend's\nbody home.\nAfter chasing Taylor's dog away from her cubs, the bear returned to McKiernan, dragged him to\na clearing under an oak tree and pawed over him. Finally the bear left.\nWhen Taylor returned, he found McKiernan sitting up and conscious, but paralyzed from the\nwaist down with shock. McKiernan told Taylor that he had been conscious throughout the\nentire ordeal.\nAfter taking McKiernan to his house, Taylor went to San Jose to get a doctor. Taylor returned\nthe next morning at sunrise with Dr. A. W. Bell, who, after examining the hole over McKiernan's\nleft eye and nose, sent for his partner, Dr. T. J. Ingersoll. Dr. Ingersol reached McKiernan's\nhouse about nine that evening with a silver plate hammered out of two Mexican pesos. After\nexamining his patient, Dr. Ingersofl, found that the silver plate was too small. The next day Dr.\nIngersoll returned to San Jose, had another plate made and returned by eight that evening. The\ntwo physicians cleaned the wound and completed surgery by eleven that night--without the\nbenefit of anesthetics.\nA week later Dr. Ingersoll was forced to remove the silver plate as it was irritating the wound.\nTwelve months later the wound became infected and again Dr. Ingersoll, this time with a Dr.\nSpencer, was forced to operate. During this surgery chloroform was used to put McKiernan to\nsleep. This was the first reported local instance of the use of the new anesthetic. After the\ndoctors removed an abscess caused by a wad of hair in the wound, McKiernan recovered\ncompletely.\nThe wound left McKiernan's face disfigured. From the time of the accident to the end of his life\nhe wore large brimmed hats, pulled down to his eyebrows, to hide the scars. (29; 13; 38:\n4/22/1934; 18: 3-5; 20: Vol. I 12/21/1957, 4, Vol. III Autumn 1960, 13)\n\n�McKiernan lived to tell his tale to many a small mountain child. But, his encounter was not the\nonly one between a pioneer and a grizzly.\nDown the hill at Lexington, a huge Frenchman,\"with a mighty barrel chest, enormous biceps\nand ham-like fists\" fought a bear without benefit of a weapon. The Frenchman was out hunting\none day when he suddenly came upon a bear. Quickly firing his rifle without taking proper aim,\nhe managed only to wound the beast in the shoulder. The bear immediately charged the\nFrenchman who tried to club it with his rifle. The bear knocked the rifle out of the man's hand\nand bit down on his left wrist. Then the bear grabbed his left arm with both of its paws. At this\npoint the powerful Frenchman's right arm was free and he began to slug the bear's chest with\nall his might. The bear hung on to the man's left arm, biting and clawing at it, while the\nFrenchman was hitting her with his free hand. Finally the bear had had enough and, letting the\nexhausted man go, she lumbered off into the woods. The man's friends found him unconscious\nwith blood streaming from his arm. Although he lost his arm, the Frenchman lived. The bear\nwas found the next day-dead from injuries caused by the Frenchman's mighty blows.\n(38:6/24/1934)\nLyman Burrell was another of the early pioneers unfortunate enough to have experienced a\nbrief encounter with a grizzly bear. One day in the mid-1850's Burrell and his son, James Birney\nBurrell, were in a pasture, building a fence to hold some pigs they owned. The pigs were nearby\nforaging in the field and began to make some strange noises. Taking up his axe, Lyman Burrell\nwent up a trail to investigate. To his surprise he saw a mother bear and her cub running down\nthe same trail at him. With only his axe in hand Burrell decided that his best move would be to\nrun as fast as he could toward the new fence. Lyman Burrell wrote of the incident in 1882:\n\"I turned back and ran as fast as possible in the trail, with the bear and cub behind\nme. I soon came to a short turn in the trail, where I stumbled and fell flat on the ground,\n… The old bear instantly took one of my limbs between her jaws. She gave me one good,\nstrong bite.\"\nFortunately in the confusion the bear decided to keep going and did not further molest Burrell.\nBy the time his son reached the scene with a rifle, the bear and cub were gone.\nBurrell's wife managed to patch up his leg and he was able to work, after a six-months'\nconvalescence. The encounter with the bear taught Burrell to have more respect for the grizzly\nbear: \"Until this happened, I had never felt any fear of wild animals; but after this, I never had\nthe least desire to meet a bear.\" (17:3/9/1882,10-11)\nCharles McKiernan's son, James V. McKiernan, told John V. Young that when the early pioneers\nhunted bear they did so in the following manner:\n\". . . always the grizzly was treated with respect, and the best shot was a downhill\nshot, with a fast horse for a quick getaway if necessary.\" (38:4/22/ 1934)\n\n�Although the pioneers tried to keep their distance from the giant grizzly, sometimes the bears\nwould come to them. While the Burrells were building their first home in 1853, they, not\nrealizing it, located their cabin next to a bear path. Every morning the Burrells would awaken\nand find new tracks outside their cabin, although the bears never bothered them while they\nwere in the house. Once Lyman decided to put up a large gate to cut off the path. One night a\nbear came up the path and encountered the gate. Rather than going around and jumping the\nlow fence, the bear \"took hold of it, wrenched it from its fastenings, and laid it on the ground, thinking, no doubt, that he was lord of the forest, and always should be.\"\n(17:12/31/1881,13,16b; 1/28/1882,14b)\nAlthough the foul-tempered grizzlies were a major problem in the wilderness of the Santa Cruz\nMountains, the more numerous and agile mountain lions created problems too. When the early\npioneers tried raising sheep, goats, or even pigs, the lions would quickly deplete their stock.\nEven the building of large fences would not deter the spry cats.\nOne night as the Burrells were sleeping, they awoke to the screechings and growlings of their\ndog and a mountain lion, fighting at their front door. Lyman jumped out of bed, grabbed his\nrifle and flung open the door. He could not see well enough to shoot so instead, shouted\nwarnings at the animals. Presently the dog returned victorious and the lion ran off into the\nnight:\nHe (the dog) was not badly wounded. He seemed greatly pleased with his victory. He was so\nexcited over it that he sat on the steps and barked all the rest of the night. (I 7:1 / 28 / 1882,1313b)\nThe mountain lions would stop at nothing to get a sheep, goat, pig or even small calf. The\nBurrells were raising some calves in a pen. One night a mountain lion jumped the fence, killed a\ncalf, and jumped the fence again carrying the dead animal. Upon this discovery, Lyman put a\nfull-grown Spanish cow inside the pen on the following night, thinking that the lion would be\nback for another meal. He was right! That night the lion came back, but this time met with\nmore than its match. The cow gored the lion and pushed it clear through the fence, breaking\nseveral planks in the process. The Burrells never again had trouble with lions getting their calves\nin that pen. (17:3 /4/ 1882,4)\nOther early settlers had problems with the many mountain lions of the district. In 1874, Walter\nYoung's mother was taking some freshly-killed venison into Santa Cruz from their ranch on\nSummit Road. Traveling down the San Jose-Soquel Road on horseback, she heard a rustling in\nthe bushes. She knew at once that a mountain lion had caught the scent of the deer meat and\nwas stalking her. Rather than attempt to outrun the quicker lion with her horse on that section\nof overgrown road, she rode on slowly, keeping an apprehensive watch for the lion. The\nstalking cat crossed the road behind her several times, but Mrs. Young remained calm.\nReaching a clearing on both sides of the road near a neighbor's house, Mrs. Young decided that\nthat was the time to make a run for it. Her horse raced through the clearing and rider, horse,\nand venison reached safety. (40:7/21/1959)\n\n�On another occasion Walter Young's father, William A. Young, was out hunting near the San\nJose-Soquel Road. Walking through the woods, Young was forced to crawl through a section of\nbrush that was quite thick. Midway through he heard a wildcat's growl. Turning around on his\nhands and knees, he spotted the cat ready to spring. He was a good shot and managed to get\nthe cat before she got him. In searching the area, Young found the reason the wildcat was after\nhim. She was protecting several kittens. (40:7 /28/ 1959)\nAside from the obvious threat of wild animals the settlers faced other problems. The early\npioneers of the Summit area had to carve their own roads out of this wilderness. The rugged\nmountains were covered by giant first-growth redwood trees, along with madrone, oak and bay\ntrees. Any open area was covered with a heavy covering of manzanita, scotch broom, sage and\nother almost impenetrable brush. The steep canyons with year-around running water were\nalmost impassable. Early roads no more than paths, would often wash out at the first heavy\nwinter rains; and to clear land or build a good road required a great amount of work and time.\nThe giant trees, often fifteen or twenty feet in diameter, had to be brought down by axe and\nsaw. Then the stumps were either blasted from the earth or left in place while vineyards and\nfruit trees were planted in the new clearings.\nBut, even with all the hard work and danger associated with this wilderness, the pioneers came.\nThey built ranches, stores, post offices, schools, churches, wineries, packing sheds and lumber\nmills. Even a railroad was cut through the canyons and trees, and tunneled through the heart of\nthe Santa Cruz Mountains.\n\nSource\nExcerpted from Payne, Stephen Michael. A Howling Wilderness: a History of the Summit Road\nArea of the Santa Cruz Mountains 1850-1906. Santa Cruz, CA: Loma Prieta Publishing, 1978.\nCopyright 1978 Stephen Michael Payne. Reproduced with the permission of the author.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library\nto completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a\nlocal history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. 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If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894645"},["text","While there is some overlap between this index and the Historic Newspaper Index (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839995"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686539"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686530"},["text","LN-1677"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686531"},["text","Kills mountain lion"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686532"},["text","1893-08-05"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686533"},["text","Santa Cruz Daily Surf 1893-08-05: page 3 column 2"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686534"},["text","1890s"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686535"},["text","en"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686536"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686537"},["text","NEWS"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686538"},["text","DOCUMENT"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686540"},["text","Animals-Wild"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686541"},["text","Mountain Lions"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"686542"},["text","W. W. Booker"]]]]]]]]]