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Frapwell."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920110"},["text","Frapwell, Elvis"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920111"},["text","Scotts Valley Historical Society"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920112"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920113"},["text","1992"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920114"},["text","Scotts Valley"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920115"},["text","Image"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920116"},["text","En"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920117"},["text","MAP"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1920120"},["text","Material in the public domain. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Harrison's \"History of Santa Cruz County\"\n\nCONTENTS\nPrefaces (2000 and 2012) and Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna\nJames Williams and his Rancho\nLand Transactions Involving or Related to the Rancho before the Death of James Williams\nLand Uses and Transactions after the Death of James Williams\nA Note on George Liddell and Appendix: Maps\n\n1\n\n�Prefaces and Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna\n\nPreface 2000\nThis monograph was written by Paul Tutwiler, who, with his wife and collaborator, Miriam\nBeames, lives on a plot of land in Bonny Doon, an unincorporated area northwest of Santa Cruz,\nCalifornia. We live five miles up the mountainside from the seacoast where there was a place\ncalled Williams Landing and one and a half miles up from a place where the Williams brothers\nhad a sawmill. Learning about the Brothers, James, Squire, and Isaac Williams, from Marion\nDale Pokriots, a local historical researcher, we set about discovering how they acquired the\nland, what they did with it, and what happened to it in the decades immediately after their\ndeath.\nAmong the fascinating items we uncovered was the fact that James Williams and his business\npartners were the first American claimants to the very piece of land where we live.\nWe have been careful to document the information which we have put into this manuscript so\nthat those who read it can trust it and so that those who would like to do further research in\nthe topic have dependable sources to work from.\nPreface 2012\nTwelve years after it was written for the public domain and a few copies were placed in Santa\nCruz libraries, this slice of Bonny Doon history is being made available to a larger public through\nits inclusion among the local history files of the Santa Cruz Public Library’s website. The authors\nhave since moved from the Santa Cruz area, but they are glad to be able to leave behind this\ntoken of their love for it. They are especially grateful to the Santa Cruz Public Library for its role\nin making the monograph available to the public. Nothing has been added or subtracted from\nthe original, although there are some new or revised explanations, and the format has been\nadjusted to match the style of the library website.\nRancho Arroyo de la Laguna\nIn 1841 a tract of land named Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna was granted by the Mexican\nGovernor, Juan Bautista Alvarado, to a certain Gil Sanchez on June 12. (Sanchez had filed his\npetition for the land on October 14, 1836.) Lying about ten miles northwest of Santa Cruz along\nthe coast, this land extended up the side of what is now called Ben Lomond Mountain in the\narea that is now called Bonny Doon. The boundaries of the tract are described as\nOn the South by the Pacific Ocean East by a line running from a stake about twenty\nyards from the mouth of a stream known as the Arroyo de la Laguna Northerly along the\nsaid stream to the Mountains, Northerly by the mountains and Westerly by the Arroyo\n2\n\n�de San Vicente and containing in the said boundaries one league of land as aforesaid. …\nThe quantity of land included in said grant is one league.\n(This is, of course, a legua, or Spanish (i.e. Mexican) league, which as a measure of length is\n2.604 miles. A square legua is thus 6.78 square miles, or 4,336 acres.)\nA map or \"diseno\" of the Rancho had to be filed with the Mexican government. It shows the\ntwo boundary creeks and names them, and it shows one creek almost exactly between them,\nnaming it Arroyo de los Lobos. It shows trees along the banks of all three creeks, and it clearly\nindicates the lagoon of Laguna Creek. At the top of the diseno, which is indicated to be north, is\ndrawn a line of mountains with one, and only one, tree drawn on them. Upside down along the\ntop are words which seem to be \"Sierra y Lomerio,\" or \"mountains and hills.\" The diseno\nforeshortens the distance from the sea to the mountains, and at its bottom is a scale, which\nseems to be of one and one-half leagues, which would be 3.9 miles. The measure of length is\nalso given as 7,900 varas, which would be 4.1 miles because a Mexican league contained 5,000\nvaras. In reality the distance between the mouths of the two creeks is about three miles, but\nperhaps it seemed farther to the author of the diseno.\nThree miles apart at their mouths, Laguna Creek and San Vicente Creek lead away from the\ncoast at right angles to it and nearly parallel with each other for more than two miles. Thus the\nrancho was a rough rectangle extending inward from the sea about 2.3 miles. The upper edge\nof it, the edge of the \"mountains,\" lies about 1,000 feet above sea level. Above this, both\ndefining creeks surge down from the true summit of the mountain, which is a ridge running\nabout 2,500 feet in elevation (2,642 at its highest point). From subsequent transactions (see\nfollowing sections) we learn that the lower hillsides of the rancho were not forested, but that\nredwood and oak did cover its upper slopes and its stream valleys. Limestone outcroppings (as\ntestified below) were found in the upper reaches of the property.\nGil Sanchez did not live on this land, but he built a house and corral on it, brought in two or\nthree hundred cattle and two bands of horses, and had his workmen live there. He himself\nvisited it often. In 1847 a party of \"Indians\" raided the land, killed one of Sanchez;s workmen,\nand made off with his horses. He then sold the Rancho for $300 to one James G. F. Dunleavy on\nJuly 30, 1847. Dunleavy in turn sold it for $800 to James and Squire Williams on August 28,\n1847.\nAccording to testimony taken for the U. S. Land Commission in 1855, \"Soon after they [the\nWilliamses] bought it they went on the land and built a house and sawmill and enclosed a\nportion which they cultivated and have continued to live on the land ever since.\" Also: \"It was\noccupied by Mr. James Williams. Gil Sanchez sold it to Williams in 1847 immediately after which\nWilliams went into possession and built one large house a small one and a saw mill.\"\n\n3\n\n�The Williamses filed claim to the Rancho under the American government on February 17,\n1852, and the U. S. Land Commission confirmed their claim by a decision made on July 10, 1855\nand signed and sealed on November 21 of that year. In 1872, however, the Williams heirs went\nto the U. S. Northern District of California Court for a resolution of claims concerning the\nrancho. Not receiving a satisfactory verdict, the plaintiffs appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court\nin 1874, and the case was scheduled to be heard there in the session beginning October, 1875.\nThe history of the Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna up to 1875, including the Diseno, is contained in\nthe docket of Case 345, Northern District of the U. S. Land Commission, and a copy of the\ndocket is maintained in the Bancroft Library of the University of California under the title\nTranscript of the proceedings in case no. 42 James & Squire Williams claimants vs. the United\nStates, defendant, for the place named Arroyo de la Laguna. The Index of the Spanish-Mexican\nPrivate Land Grant Records and Cases of California, by J. H. Bowman, is also in the Bancroft\nLibrary and is an indispensable aid in finding the docket. Unfortunately, the Index states that\nGov. Alvarado made the grant to Sanchez on February 20, 1839, but this is contradicted by the\ntext.\nThe records of the District Court process of 1872-1874 can be found in the U.S. Archives Pacific\n- Sierra Region, Bureau of Land Management Record Group 49, on microfilm roll 90 of the 118\nrolls of the T-910 series, Docket 538 of California Private Land Claims Dockets. In this docket is\nthe map of a U.S. Survey entitled Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna dated 1867 and 1870. The 4,466\nacre plat described in this survey coincides partly - far from entirely - with the 4,418 acre plat of\nthe 1878 survey that is mentioned below. It appears that concern for the true description of the\nRancho was the reason or one of the reasons for the litigation in the district court.\nThe records of the Supreme Court, maintained on microfilm in The National Archives - Pacific\nSierra Region in San Bruno, California, state that on January 24, 1876 the Supreme Court upheld\nthe decision of the District Court. In 1878 the land was surveyed definitively under instructions\nfrom the U. S. Surveyer General, and it was determined to contain 4,418 acres, or about 6.9\nsquare miles. Finally the U. S. Patent granting original title to the land was issued to James and\nSquire on February 21, 1881. A copy of the patent is in Volume 4 of the Book of Patents of\nSanta Cruz County, pages 179-193. It was not recorded there until March 14, 1913.\nA note on some of the Spanish words of the map: A Mexican legua or league was 4,190\nmeters, whereas a Spanish legua was 5,572.7 meters. A Mexican vara, besides being one fivethousandths of a Mexican legua, was 838 millimeters, or 33 inches. Lobos or lobos marinos can\nbe either seals or sea lions. Lomerio is a derivative of loma, hill that indicates a range of hills.\nLomerio was the form in use in Mexico, whereas lomaje was used in Chile, and lomada in\nArgentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Lometa is a usage of modern Spanish.\n\n4\n\n�A note on \"Spanish Acre:\" Concerning the word \"acre,\" the Spanish Dictionaries consulted\nagree in defining it as an English measurement of area and do not speak of any Spanish\nmeasurement which goes by the same name.\n(Dictionaries consulted for information on Spanish terms are Diccionario de la Lengua Espanola,\n20 ed., Real Academia Espanola: Madrid, 1984; Diccionario Anaya de la Lengua: Madrid, 1991;\nDiccionario del Espanol Moderno, Martin Alonso, Aguilar: Madrid, 1966; Americanismos\ndiccionario ilustrado sopena, Ramon Sopena: Barcelona, 1982; Diccionario general de\nAmericanismos, Francisco J. Santamaria, Editorial Pedro Robredo: Mejico D.F., 1942; The Oxford\nSpanish Dictionary: Oxford University Press, 1998.)\nModern identification of Arroyo de los Lobos: There are not one, but two narrow and deep\nstream valleys which lead down to the ocean between Laguna Creek and San Vicente Creek and\nwhich are about a mile apart from each other at the coast. The mouth of the stream in the one\nthat is now called Yellow Bank Creek, is about one mile from Laguna Creek, and the mouth of\nthe stream in the other, which is now known as Liddell Creek, is about a mile from San Vicente\nCreek. Both intermediate creeks rise close to the upper edge of the rancho, but there is a great\ndifference between the two, inasmuch as one branch of Liddell Creek originates from a copious,\nyear-round spring, but its other branches and Yellow Bank Creek carry much less water. (This is\nthe case now, and was also in 1955 according to the U. S. Geological Survey Map for Davenport.\nFurthermore, Liddell Creek East Branch was one of the creeks, along with Laguna Creek and\nMajors Creek, which became Santa Cruz City’s water source in the late 19th century, as attested\nby many sources.) Thus even before the arrival of the Williamses Liddell Creek would have been\nthe more important of the two as a water source. Finally, the lower valley of Liddell Creek is\nwider than that of Yellow Bank Creek. For these reasons Liddell Creek would have merited more\nthan Yellow Bank Creek to be drawn on the diseno. Another branch of Liddell Creek also\nfurnished a convenient route for a road to the limestone outcroppings on the rancho and,\nabove this, to a suitable mill site on another stream, Williams Mill Creek, a tributary of San\nVicente Creek. From the appended maps we see that it was at the mouth of Liddell Creek that\nJames Williams built his landing, and that his mill was reached by a road parallel to this same\ncreek. We infer from the location of James’s operations and from the barking of sea lions near\nhis house (see below) that the house was located near the mouth of the same creek. As to the\nname \"Liddell Creek,\" see below about George Liddell.\n\n5\n\n�James Williams and his Rancho\nThe information in this section, exceptions noted, is from typed transcriptions of the Williams\nFamily Correspondence which go under the name of the \"Cape Girardeau Letters.\" The original\nspelling and punctuation are retained here. The excerpts from the Letters are included with the\nkind permission of Dan Williams, a descendant of Isaac Williams, and Wallace Williams, a\ndescendant of James Williams.\n\n1843\nThe four brothers, John, James, Isaac, and Squire Williams arrived in John Sutter’s projected\nNew Helvetia settlement on November 10, 1843 from Cape Girardeau County, Missouri. (Letter\nof James Williams, March 22, 1844)\n1845\nBy this year James was selling lumber and having it shipped from Santa Cruz to Monterey for\nThomas O. Larkin of Monterey. (George P. Hammond, The Larkin Papers, Vol. I, University of\nCalifornia Press, 1951)\n1847\nJames and Squire have moved to Santa Cruz and are growing potatoes, as well as shipping\nlumber to Monterey for Thomas Larkin. With proceeds from the lumber traffic they have\nbought the Rancho de la Laguna [as stated above, the purchase date of the property is August\n28, 1847]:\n... we have bought a ranch four & half miles square of land lying immediately on the\npacific ocean there is immence quantity of all cinds of timber redwood pine & live oak\nthere is oak that is on our place that is 60 or 70 feet without A limb or not that is the\npine & redwood it is of little or no youse to undertake to tell about the highth of it for it\ngrowes so high that we can hadly look high enough to see the top of it and we will if we\nhave no bad luck have a saw mill up and a sawing by the first of march next about Three\nmiles from the sea shore. (Letter of John and James Williams, November 15, 1847)\n1848\nJames and Squire Williams staked a claim for gold on the Yuba River, “where they found ample\ngold.” On August 24 Squire Williams died there of a fever. (Marion Dale Pokriots, California\nBound... The Hitchcock-Patterson Saga, Scotts Valley, California: publ. by author, 1994, pages\n17-18)\n\n6\n\n�1849\nJohn Williams dies, leaving only James and Isaac of the original adventurous four brothers from\nMissouri. (death mentioned in Docket of Case 345, Northern District of the U. S. Land\nCommission. See section 1 for further information about this docket.)\nDavid M. Locke and Silas M. Locke, brothers from New Hampshire, arrived in California.\nEncountering James Williams, they went to Santa Cruz to help him construct the sawmill he had\nhoped to complete in 1847.\nBeing expert with tools he [David Locke] found ready employment until his younger\nbrother, Silas M., arrived a little later, having come around Cape Horn in a sailing vessel.\nThe two then set out for the mines, but finding that success required extremely arduous\nand trying labor they concluded that better chances lay in business enterprise at San\nFrancisco.\nIn their return trip [in August or September, 1849], while passing through Livermore\nValley, the younger brother closed an agreement to go build a mill for Captain Williams,\nwith whom he traveled to Williams’ Landing a few miles above Santa Cruz on the coast,\nwhere the Captain owned an extensive rancho (obituary of David M. Locke, Santa Cruz\nMorning Sentinel of Oct. 28, 1908)\nAnd, according to another source,\nThence the brothers journeyed to Sullivan’s Creek in Tuolumne County. Here they\nmined three weeks, but owing to the scarcity of water failed to realize money enough to\ncompensate them for their labor. So they started for Stockton on foot, and there with a\ncompanion named Fleck purchased provisions. With these packed on their backs they\nspent the next five days in walking to San Jose. Here they met one Williams who had\nbeen to the mines. He hired them to go to the landing called after him to finish a saw\nmill.\nIn November David with Isaac E. Davis [sailed] in a schooner to Santa Cruz in search of\nlime deposits. Having settled up with Williams Silas walked to Santa Cruz, and at 4 P.M.\ncamped on a ranch where his brother was. (from the files of the Society of California\nPioneers, regarding Silas Merrill Locke. Both these items about the Locke Brothers are\nby courtesy of Marion Dale Pokriots.)\n1850\nOn January 11 Isaac and his wife Lydia write that James has another son, Isaac, who is about a\nyear old. [Note that James married Mary Patterson in 1845.] (Marion Dale Pokriots, California\nBound, p. 13) James and Mary’s first son, Jonathan, was born “about 1847 .” (Pokriots, p. 20)\nIsaac adds that James has been to the gold mines and made $30,000 there, but he was plagued\nwith bad health while at the mines. James has returned to live on his Rancho with his family\nand Isaac. Isaac continues,\n7\n\n�... we are building a saw mill on his land. We have two mill wrights Employed at Sixteen\ndollars pr day and Fore Carpenters at From Five to Seven dollars pr day. We also have\nfifteen dayly workmen employed at from five to Six Dollars pr day. Theas expenses\nperhaps may Leave you to Considder the building of one Saw mill Cost 11. or 12.\nThousand dollars. Our head Millwright Calculates on Sawing From six to 8 Thousand\nFeet of Timber evry Twenty Fore hours at that rate She will Clar at least 8 hundrd or one\nThousand dollar pr day.\nOn December 15 James writes,\nWe have been engaged in building a Saw Mill for some time past and in consequence of\nbeing imposed upon by quack Millrights (Yankus) have spent some Twenty Thousand\ndollars and have got no Mill yet but we are of the opinion in the course of a few days we\n(through the ingenuity of Brother Isaac) will get our Mill into successful operation and if\nwe do succeed I believe we will make Money.... We are running a vessel from our Ranch\nto Sanfrancisco Shipping timber as yet we have made little or nothing at that having had\nYankus employed as agents at Sanfrancisco not suspecting then we did not watch them\nas closely as we should have done and we will Manage differently in future.\n1851\nJames Williams writes on May 18 that his wife died giving birth to twin sons, James Andrew and\nAndrew James, [both of whom died before they were a year old (Pokriots, p. 22)], and\nmy Mother in law and two Sisters in law are living with me and assisting me in the care\nof my children Brother Isaac is living at the Mission of Santa Cruz two miles distant [ten\nmiles?] his wife is frequently with us. From the fact that the price of lumber had fallen, A\nheavy pressure in the Money Market combined with the deepest schemes of intrigue by\nYankus in whom I had reposed confidence to transact business for me I found myself\nsomewhat involved about Christmas, I then concluded to turn my attention to farming\nBrother Isaac and myself with the assistance of A.G. English and Brother Y.E. Miller have\nplanted about 70 acres of Potatos, we had made an arrangement for a crop of Onions\nbut the seed we procured proved worthless we consequently planted our ground all in\npotatos... [It is not clear if they grew the potatoes on the ranch or on their property near\nthe Mission.] Early this spring we found Gold on our land about on mile from our Mill we\nwill finish planting our crop in about a week we intend then to make a thorough search\nfor gold...\nIn her book, California, In-doors and out; or How we Farm, Mine, and Live generally in the\nGolden State. New York, Dix, Edwards & Co., 1856, on page 216, Eliza Farnham narrates a trip\nshe and friends made by horseback from Santa Cruz north along the coast in the spring of 1851.\nShe writes:\nTen miles up the coast, we passed the last habitation for forty miles. We called, and\nwere treated to a pitcher of delicious milk - what New Yorkers would call cream - and\n8\n\n�some excellent radishes and turnips, some of which were added to our camp-stores.\nAfter a chat of half an hour, in which Mr. W-- related to us an adventure he had recently\nhad with a grizzly bear, in the hills near his house, and described the method of\ncapturing and killing the seals and sea-lions that were tumbling and bellowing on the\nrocks, not fifty rods distant, we again rode on....\nOn November 4 Isaac Williams writes that he, James, and Squire held their property “here” in\ncommon, and\nduring my absence James & Squire Made Some several trades and among the Rest they\npurchased One Olad [old?] Spanish Ranch of Grant of land lying immediately On the Cast\nof the Pacific Ocean, fronting about Four Miles On Said Coast, and Running Back to the\ntops of the Mountains, and Some Two or three lotts, of land lying near the Old Mission\nof Santacruz, Containing about Fifty or Sixty Spanish acres, which was all paid for with\nOur Joint property, as far as have Been paid, there still Remains unpaid On said lands\nabout $1000, with Interest, which as a matter of Corse each were entitled to the One\nthird. At the death of Brother Squire there was some partnership Stock On hand which\nDid But little Good, how much has Been made out of the stock I am unable to tell\nExactly, though But little, as the most of them Ran of Or was stolen.\nIsaac proposes to give Squire’s heirs, the relatives in Missouri, all the property to which he and\nJames have title in Missouri and $500 in cash if the same heirs in Missouri cede to them their\nclaims to Squire’s estate in California.\n\n1854\nJames Williams writes on May 22,\n... in July I expect to leave the Ranch and Go about 100 miles distant to the East of St\nJohns Mission and Settle on a piece of Government land for the purpose of Stock Raising\nand mineing: as I was in that Country about 9 [number said not to be clear in original]\nmonths Since: and found Some very Rich mineral: Silver and quicksilver Said to be By the\nbest judges I have had to test it: at this time I have a vessel loading at the ranch with\nlumber and I Expect in about 10 days to Start off with the Cargo to St.P????: lumber at\nthis time is verry low, at Sanfrancisco it is at times sold for freight.\nI sold my Mill property and a small interest in my Portion for the Ranch for the sum of\n70990[footnote to typed transcription says the first digit may have been a 2] dollars\nthere is a Ballance of payment to be maid during this Season of 15000$ the proceeds of\nwhich I Expect to Expend in Buying young Cattle.\nJames Williams dies in Santa Cruz on October 9.\n\n9\n\n�Land Transactions Involving or Related to the Rancho\nBefore the Death of James Williams\n\nAll the information in this section unless otherwise noted is from the Santa Cruz County\nRegister of Deeds, volumes 1-3.\n1850\nJames Williams and Mary, his wife, sell for $7,500 to Isaac and Elizabeth Patterson (Mary's\nbrother and her mother) that part of the Rancho contained in an area from the mouth of\nLaguna Creek 1/2 mile north on a line parallel with the coast 100 yards north of the creek\n… immediately north of the house in which the said James Williams now resides the said\ncreek generally known as the creek or gulch of the seals thence a Westerly direction on\na paralel [sic] line with the said creek one half mile to the sea cost [sic] thence a\nsoutherly direction running with the said sea coast to the beginning.\nIt is not easy to interpret this description of the tract. Making allowances for the use of\ndirections in this text (the \"southerly direction running with the said sea coast,\" for instance is,\nin reality east by southeast), and remembering that the \"gulch of the seals\" of that time was\nlater named \"Liddell Creek,\" we interpret it to mean that the tract in question is roughly a\nsquare mile of land lying in the southeast quadrant of James’s Rancho, that is, a quadrangle of\nland extending from Laguna Creek to Liddell Creek and a half mile in from the coast.\nIn the same transaction James and Mary sell to Isaac and Elizabeth\n… Also one tract or parcel of land described as follows to include or embrace a saw mill\nBuilded [sic] or reared by the said James Williams embracing one mile in a\nNorthwesterly direction from saw mill one mile in a Southwesterly direction one half\nmile in a southerly direction and one half mile in a Northeasterly direction from saw mill\nthat is to say the saw tract or parcel of land is intended to embrace two miles in length\nrunning from North West to the South East and one mile in width from the North East to\nthe South West so as to place the aforesaid Mill in the center of the said tract or parcel\nof land also extending Guaranteeing [sic] and securing to the aforesaid Isaac Patterson\nand Elizabeth Patterson the right Privilege and advantage of the road leading from said\nMill to the present shipping point on the sea coast also grazing their stock...\nThis is clearly a two square mile tract lying along the northeast border of the Rancho and\ncentered on the saw mill, which was, indeed, about a half mile upgrade from the ranch\nboundary. Although the mill had not yet been completed, the road running up along Liddell\nCreek from the landing to it was already in (private) use. The Santa Cruz County Deed Registers\ndo not record the transaction by which James came into possession of this land, and although\nthe tract is similar to the \"mill tract\" which James acquired in 1853 by a school land warrant and\nboth tracts center on the mill, the school land warrant property is only 320 acres, one half of a\n10\n\n�square mile. See below for the school land warrants purchased by James alone or in\npartnership. A map of this school land warrant is appended.\n\n1852\nOn April 8 Isaac and Elizabeth Patterson sell to James Williams for $7,500 an undivided half part\nof the tracts they had bought from him and Mary in 1850.\nOn April 28 Isaac Williams, James’s brother, sells for $3,000 to James his interest in \"the Rancho\nde la Lobo granted by the Mexican Government to Gil Sanchez.\" The description makes it clear\nthat this is the Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna. Although James and Squire had acquired the land in\ntheir names, it can be seen from the letter of Isaac dated November 4, 1851, that he had put up\na third of the purchase money. About this time Isaac and his family left Santa Cruz for the Yuba\nmining area. After spending a while there, they migrated to the Pajaro River Valley, where they\ntook up residence. (For this information and the subsequent history of Isaac see Pokriots, p. 22)\nOn November 7 and 15: George R. Gluyas and Joseph C. Coult buy from James Williams the\nright to erect a steam saw mill \"in the vicinity of the timberland owned and [text not clear]ed by\nsaid Williams\" and to log for it. Each, including James, owns 1/3 of the mill. Gluyas and Coult\nhave a right to build buildings and a railroad or railroads \"from the mill to the Sea Coast\" until\nthe timber is exhausted. The \"lumber in the ravines\" separate from the tableland is excepted,\nand James retains the right to continue operating the present saw mill and to cut timber for\nwagon wheel spokes, fencing, and farming purposes. James keeps 1/10 of the lime production\nfrom the three quarries on the property and shares equally (1/3) in the rest of the production.\nThe property in question went \"back to a certain raing [sic] of Sand hills about north east from a\nsaw mill erected by the said Williams... and from hence ranging with the said sand hills in about\nwest to the said Blass [San Vicente] creek.\"\nIn addition to the above, James sells for $20,000 to Gluyas and Coult the right to log and ship\nlumber. The area involved includes nine school land warrants and 11/18 undivided interest in\nthe Rancho proper. Nevertheless, \"any of the Lands or timber along the valley through which\nthe main or south branch of the creek runs that runs by said Williams house anywhere from its\nsource to its outlet in the Bay shall be expressly reserved to said Williams....\"\nThese school land warrants did not come legally into James's possession until the following\nJanuary.\nSchool land warrants were titles to tracts of land given by the Federal Government to the states\nso that the latter could sell them and apply the revenue to the founding and upkeep of public\nschools. By an act of 1852 the California legislature authorized the Governer to sell 500,000\nacres in school land warrants. Warrant number 87 is one of the first in Santa Cruz County and\none of very few there not to be described in terms of sections, towns, and ranges. The following\ninformation is from the register entitled School Land Warrrants of Santa Cruz County, which is\nkept in the County Recorder's office.\n11\n\n�School land warrant number 87 was acquired in November, 1852 by Francis Kittridge and\ntransferred from him to James Williams as surveyed and located on January 21, 1853 and\nrecorded on February 25, 1853. The land consisted of 320 acres and was situated north of\nWilliams’s Rancho, \"being the mill tract of said Williams beginning at a stake by a blazed pine SE\nof the point where the Road leading from the Beach enters the Redwood.\"\nA map accompanies the text. It is difficult to reconcile directions given on it with the points of\nthe compass, but the landmarks shown on it are clearly recognizable. It shows the sawmill at\nthe confluence of an unnamed creek [identified as Williams Mill Creek on the 1878 map in the\nAppendix; otherwise known simply as Mill Creek] and the tributary that enters it from the east\nat the point where Mill Creek changes direction from north-south to east-west. It shows other\ntributaries upstream, one of which originates in a \"senega.\" This term appears to be a\ncorruption of the Spanish cienega, \"swamp.\" The accent of Cienega on the second syllable. See\nDiccionario de la Lengua Espanola cited above. Annotations on the map note that about 3/4 of\nthe land is in redwood and oak, but some of the eastern part of it is \"Prarie\"[sic] in addition to\nthe swamp. It shows the \"Road from the mill,\" which, according to a U. S. Survey map of 1881,\n\"Map of Fractional Township No 10 South, Range No 3 West, Mount Diablo Meridian\", as, in its\nupper tract, closer to Mill Creek than the present road.\n\n1853\nIn 1853 James Williams, together with Gluyas and Coult, acquired 2,400 acres in school land\nwarrants which were described in terms of the U.S. Land Survey. Some of this land appears to\ncoincide with school land warrant 87, and the rest lies in the upper watershed of SanVicente\nCreek and its tributary (Williams) Mill Creek, except for one parcel, which is in the upper\nwatershed of Laguna Creek. The parcels were close to one another, and some were contiguous\nwith others. Almost all this land was in timber.\nThe 2,400 acres in school land warrants are all in Town 10 South, Range 3 West from the Mount\nDiablo Meridian, are numbered and described as:\n633 the southeast quarter of section 27 160 acres\n247 the south half of section 26\n\n320 acres\n\n629 the northeast quarter of section 26 160 acres\n628 the southwest quarter of section 23 160 acres\n637 the southeast quarter of section 22 160 acres\n253 the south half of section 14\n\n320 acres\n\n254 the north half of section 14\n\n320 acres\n\n631 the southwest quarter of section 13 160 acres\n630 the southwest quarter of section 12 160 acres\n255 the east half of section 11\n\n320\n\n632 the southeast quarter of section 2\n\n160\n\nTotal\n\n2,400 acres\n\n12\n\n�The school land warrant lands changed hands legally between James and his partners more\nthan once before his death in 1858, but at the time of his death all of them except number 87\nwere listed as James's assets to be sold in the Sheriff's sale. In 1861 Gluyas, apparently the only\nremaining party with an interest in them, \"floated\" all of them but number 247, which lay\nbetween the Rancho and the mill tract and which contained limestone quarries. (By \"floating\"\nthem Gluyas relinquished title to them. Gluyas states that they had never been \"sectionalized\"\nand that others were laying claim to them.)\n\n1854\nA certain Edward L. Williams sells his interest in the Rancho to James Williams for $900.\nAccording to information on the Williams family furnished by local historian Marion Dale\nPokriots, Edward Williams was not a relative of James and his brothers.\n\n1856\nIn partnership with Tully R. Wise, James buys back from Gluyas an undivided part interest in the\nRancho and 2,400 acres northeast of it in school land warrants. Coult is no longer involved,\nalthough it is not clear from the registry of deeds why this is so.\n\n1857\nAccording to the tax rolls published in the Pacific Sentinel, Santa Cruz, December 19, 1857 Tully\nR. Wise and James Williams are responsible for taxes on\n… a portion of the rancho de la Laguna, containing 1000 acres bounded as\nfollows: commencing at Blass creek [San Vicente Creek], commencing at its\nmouth, running up said creek to the boundary line, far enough to include all the\nlimestone quarries, thence running along the bluffs, far enough to include all the\nlime rock, to a natural break in a divide, about one mile north east of the\ndwelling house of said Williams, thence running to the township line, crossing\nthe creek which leads by said William's house and high bluff west of the creek,\nthence in a south east direction to the head of a small ravine, thence south half\neast, leaving several small ravines on the w and s w until the line strikes the\ncreek, leading by Williams' house at the beach, at the shipping point on the bay\nof Monterey, from thence following along the beach of said bay to Blass creek,\nthe point of beginning and also school land warrant, located by Geo K. [sic]\nGluyas & J. C. Coult, warrants No. 217 for 320 acres of land on a half of sec. 26,\ntownship 10 of first base line, range 3 w, first principal meridian and also n e\n1/4th of sec. 27, township 2, range as above, No. 633 for 160 acres and also n e\n1/4th of sec. 22, township and range as above, No. 637 for 160 acres and also on\nn e 1/4th of section 26, township and range as above, No. 629 for 160 acres and\n13\n\n�No. 630 for 160 acres on the s w quarter sec. 12 town and range as above and\nalso 1/4th of sec. 2 of township and range as above, N. 632 for 160 acres, also\nschool land warrant No. 27 for 320 acres of land lying n of of [sic] said Williams'\nrancho, being the mill tract of said Williams, in all 3400 acres of land.\nThe part of the Rancho involved in this seems to be all of it lying between San Vicente Creek\nand Liddell Creek, which is roughly a thousand acres. The seven school land warrants\nmentioned total 1,440 acres, although there were in fact 2,400 acres of land warrants owned by\nJames and his partners, and the 2,400 are needed to justify the total of 3,400.\nNote that James's school land warrant properties according to the tax rolls of 1857 do not\nentirely correspond to the ones given above. There are other uncertainties, also, such as, what\nhappened to number 87? Some of these uncertainties seem to relate to the boundaries of the\nRancho, which, as noted above, were not definitively fixed until 1878.\n\n1858\nFrom the Pacific Sentinel Santa Cruz, July 31, 1858:\nSheriff’s Sale.\nBy virtue of an execution issued out of the District Court, of the 3d Judicial District, in\nand for the county of Santa Cruz, State of California, and to me directed and delivered,\nfor a judgment rendered in said Court on the 28th day of July A. D. 1858, in favor of\nAndrew Glassell, Plaintiff, and against James Williams, defendant, for the principal sum\nof nine thousand five hundred and eighty-five dollars ($9,585), with interest thereon at\nthe rate of two and one-half per cent. per month from the 7th day of July, A. D. 1858,\nuntil paid; and for the further sum of twelve dollars and 20/100 costs of suit; also\naccruing costs -- I have levied upon the following described property to wit: All the right,\ntitle and interest of James Williams, the defendant in the suit of Andrew Glassell vs.\nJames Williams -- That portion of the old ranch called “Williams Ranch,” situated being\nand lying in the county of Santa Cruz, in the State of California, discribed [sic] as follows,\nto wit: Commencing at Blass Creek at its mouth, where it empties into the Bay of of\nMonterey, and running up said creek to the northern boundary line, far enough to take\nin and include all the lime stone quarries, so far as now discovered on said Ranch;\nthence, running along the bluffs far enough south to include the lime rock to a natural\ncreek in a divide about one mile north-east from the dwelling house of James Williams;\nthence, running to the Township corner, crossing the creek which leads by the said\nWilliams’ house and a high bluff west of the creek; thence, in a south-easterly direction\nto the head of a small ravine; thence, south half-east; leaving several small ravines on\nthe west and south-west, until the line strikes the said creek, leading by said Williams'\nhouse at the beach, including the said beach at the shipping point upon Monterey Bay;\nfrom thence, following along the beach and said Bay, to Blass Creek or the place of\nbeginning. Also all that certain tract of timber and grazing land described as follows, to\n14\n\n�wit: Two thousand four hundred acres of land adjoining the said \"Williams Ranch,\" and\nlying to the north-east of it, upon which School Land Warrants were located by James\nWilliams George K. [sic] Gluyas and Joseph C. Coult, which said warrants were numbered\nand contained the following quantity of land as follows: Numbers 254, 253, 247, and\n255 -- each for 320 acres of land. Also numbers 630, 637, 628, 631, 632, 629 and 633 -each for 160 acres of land, which said warrants are located and recorded in the said\ncounty of Santa Cruz, together with all the premises and appertenances [sic] thereto\nbelonging, or in any wise appertaining.\nNotice is hereby given, that on Wednesday the 25th day of August, A. D. 1858 I will sell\nat public sale, at the door of the Court House, in the town and County of Santa Cruz,\nbetween the hours of 9 o'clock A. M. and 5 o'clock P. M., to the highest bidder for cash\nin hand to satisfy said execution.\nSanta Cruz July 31st, A. D. 1858\nJOHN T. PORTER, Sheriff.\nOctober 9, death of James Williams.\n\n15\n\n�Land Uses and Transactions after the Death of James Williams\n\nThis section derives from many and varied sources, as noted.\n\n1858\nAndrew Glassell began operating lime kilns along the Williams Landing-Williams Mill Road. Later\n(year unknown) Grove Adams, who had been a partner of Glassell’s, acquired sole possession of\nthe lime kiln operation. (From Robert Piwarzyk, The Laguna Limekilns. Copyrighted, not\npublished, in 1996, p. 27. A later publication, Lime Kiln Legacies: The History of the Lime Indusry\nin Santa Cruz County. Santa Cruz: Museum of Art and History, 2007, agrees that Glassell\nacquired the kilns in 1858, but is not sure he began to operate them in the same year.)\n1864\nThere was a \"Glassell's Landing\" in 1864, and from it were shipped 10,000 staves on July 9 and\nother shipments after that. Bibliography of Early California Forestry, Santa Cruz County, vol.3,\npart 4.\n1867\n\"During the recent fire large quantities of tanbark were destroyed in the neighboring hills. On\nthe San Lorenzo there were 470 cords and east of Williams Landing there were 950 cords\ndestroyed. This may materially effect [sic] the tanning interest outside of the county, the Santa\nCruz tanneries being supplied in part for the present. It is said that bark cannot be pealed [sic]\nfor two years after a fire burns over a forest of chestnut oak. At Glassell's mill besides burning\nthe mill over 20,000 feet of redwood fence posts were consumed.\" San Francisco Evening\nBulletin, 1867, vol 24 no. 84 p 1 c 5, July 15. Also reported in the Santa Cruz Times, July 6. In\nBibliography of Early California Forestry, Santa Cruz County, vol.2, part 2.\nIn a list of Santa Cruz sawmills: \"Williams Landing - Jones - 2 saws, daily cap. 20,000, steam\npower, occupant Hatch & Co.\" Langley, Henry G., Pacific Coast Business Directory, Publisher\nHenry G. Langley, San Francisco, 1867. Bancroft Library, F851.a1 1867. Bibliography of Early\nCalifornia Forestry, Santa Cruz County, vol. 2, part 2.\n1868\nOn March 11, 1868 John J.[sic] Williams sells for $10,000 the Rancho and school land warrants\nto Grove Adams, Benjamin F. Lee, Peregrine Fitzhugh, William T. Glassell (1/5 each for these)\nand Charles Moss and Donald Beadle (1/10 each for these), and all these together sell it for $1\nto John I. [sic] Williams. (Santa Cruz County Register of Deeds, Vol. 10, page 422 and 424 (old\n591 and 593))\nOn May 7, 1868 the transfer for debts of the Rancho and school land warrants to Andrew\nGlassell is confirmed. (Santa Cruz County Register of Deeds, Vol. 10, page 508 (old 717))\n16\n\n�These two entries from the 1868 Register of Deeds are confusing, and they raise more\nquestions than they answer. The following narrative paragraph, however, at least indicates the\nuses to which the land and facilities were put.\nRecently Fitzhugh, Adams & Co. purchased the Glassell rancho and commenced the\nmanufacture of lime on a larger scale than heretofore ... Abundance of timber is\ngrowing near the place, and as the proprietors have ... purchased 4,000 acres of land in\naddition to the Glassell rancho, they have sufficient land and timber facilities for all time\nto come.... (Bancroft Scraps. California Manufacturing Industries: Santa Cruz. Lime Kilns.\n139 pp. Vol 48, p. 70 in Bancroft Library, call no. F851.7B2 v. 48; 1868. Bibliography of\nEarly California Forestry, Santa Cruz County, vol.3, part 3.)\n\n1872\nGrove Adams sold possession of the lime kiln operation along the Williams Landing-Williams\nMill Road to \"two men who built a road to connect the limekilns with the wharf at Davenport so\nthey could utilize that better, safer facility.\" (Piwarzyk, The Laguna Limekilns, p. 27)\n\n1875\nThere was one saw mill, Glassell's, on the Rancho and associated property, which had two saws,\nhad a capacity of 8,000 ft/day, was steam powered, and cost $10,000. (Pacific Coast Business\nDirectory for 1876-78, published in San Francisco by Henry G. Langley, 1875.)\nThe same Directory, in its list of places, their location, and the businesses in them, lists \"HATCH\nTH & CO, dairymen\" in \"Rancho Arroyo de Laguna, Santa Cruz Co, PO address Santa Cruz, 9\nmiles of Santa Cruz.\"\n\n1879\nThe owner of the Rancho as of February 26 was a \"Mr. Brangen\" according to the Docket of\nCase 345, Northern District of the U. S. Land Commission. (See section 1 for further information\nabout this docket.)\n\n1881\nThe 4,418 acres of the Rancho are shown to be the property of the German Savings and Loan\nSociety. The map which conveys this information also shows buildings where the coast road\ncrosses Laguna Creek and Yellow Bank Creek, but not where it crosses Liddell Creek. The map is\nthe Wright-Bennett-Healey or Thomas W. Wright Map of Santa Cruz County in 64 sheets, dated\n1881, and it can be found in the University of California-Santa Cruz Library Map Room.\n17\n\n�1887\nOn April 30 there appeared in the Santa Cruz Daily Sentinel an anonymous article about the\ndairies along the coast north of Santa Cruz. Starting from R. H. Hall’s Natural Bridges Dairy,\nwhich was within the city limits, the writer describes briefly each dairy he encounters, Moore’s,\nWilder’s, Smith’s, Baldwin’s, and Scaroni’s before coming to the dairies along the creeks along\nor in the Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna:\nEight miles from Santa Cruz and next in order [this appears to be along both banks of\nLaguna Creek], is the Eagle Glen Dairy ranch, comprising 1,300 acres of as fine land and\npremises for dairying purposes as can be found in the State. Upon the hills and table\nlands, during feeding hours, can be seen 200 head of cattle grazing in the sunshine and\nshade, among them part blooded Holstein stock. Of this number 140 cows are milked at\nthe present time, and from this number is produced daily 350 pounds of cheese, eight\nmen being employed in the work. Antone Silva, who leases 1,100 acres of the land on\nthis ranch from Horace Gushee, reports the crops as looking fine, and speaks in glowing\nterms of the beautiful drives and scenery about the premises. A fine stream of water,\nstocked with mountain trout, flows through the land, and on the southern border of the\nranch, is a gradually-sloping beach upon which mosses, shells and curiosities can be\nfound, while inland numerous wild flowers and ferns await the picking by the joyful\nlover of the beautiful.\nThe Yellow Bank Dairy is also on this coast road, and then Laird’s dairy is reached.\nConsiderable has already been written concerning this dairy, yet it may be added that\nMr. Laird has made it a point to work in thoroughbred short-horn stock in his drove, and\nsome time ago purchased the handsome bull, \"Second Duke of Alameda,\" a fine bred\nanimal. The sire of the Duke took first premium at the Santa Clara County Fair in 1885.\nAt the present time a large portion of his cows are one-half and three-quarter bred\nshort-horns. The annual yield of this dairy from 200 cows is about 80,000 pounds of\ncheese, or about 400 pounds to the cow.\nFillipini's dairy adjoins Laird's dairy and is celebrated for the fine quality of butter\nproduced there, a large portion of which is sold in Santa Cruz. Numerous other dairies\nare to be seen along the coast, but we have been unable to visit them, or hear from\nthem, on account of the great distance from the city...\nThe writer does not know the exact locations of Laird's and Fillipini's dairies. At least one of\nthem would have been on the Rancho.\n\n1889\nAccording to the 1889 map of Santa Cruz County by Andrew Jackson Hatch, a copy of which is in\nthe Map Room of the University of California-Santa Cruz, the owner of the whole coastal\nportion of the rancho, but not of all the upper portion of it, was Jeremiah Respini, and the creek\notherwise known asYellow Bank Creek was called Respini Creek. There was a dairy near the\n18\n\n�mouth of this creek, and the only dairy on the Rancho west of that was located on a very small\narroyo between Liddell and San Vicente Creeks.\n\n1892\nOn page 197, among descriptions of companies in the county, in Edward S. Harrison, History of\nSanta Cruz County, 1892 is:\nSANTA CRUZ LUMBER COMPANY\nThis company is composed of W. F. March, President and Manager; George Olive, Vice\nPresident; A. A. Davis, Secretary; and F. L. French and F. S. March and the aforesaid\ngentlemen as Directors.\nTheir mill is located on Liddell Creek, several miles up the coast, and has a capacity of\nforty thousand feet of lumber daily. They manufacture and deal in all kinds of sawed\nand split lumber, moulding, brackets, window and door frames, etc.\nThe loading of lumber upon schooners is done by means of a cable. Shipments are made\nfrom the mill to Santa Cruz, and to branch yards at Cambria and Morro, San Luis Obispo\nCounty. A cut of their mill is herewith presented.\nThe cut shows a mill with two smokestacks and a valley (forested in the upper tracts) leading\ndown in the background to the seashore, where, perched on the cliff, is a building with one\nsmokestack and a cable leading down from it and to the left to a free standing two-masted\nschooner. This accurately depicts the view a bird would have looking down over the mill on\nWilliams Mill Creek and over Liddell Creek to Williams Landing.\nThe same book, on page 154, includes Williams Landing in a list of current coastal landings.\n\n19\n\n�A Note on George Liddell\nAnd\nAppendix: Maps to Accompany the Text\n\nA Note on George Liddell\nAccording to Edward Martin, History of Santa Cruz County California with Biographical Sketches,\nLos Angeles: Historic Record Co., 1911, George Liddell, a civil engineer and contractor, left his\nnative England in 1850 for San Francisco. The next year:\nComing to the Santa Cruz Mountains at this time Mr. Liddell built a steam saw mill and\nalso constructed a water mill and began taking out redwood lumber. The venture\nproved a complete success, prospering far beyond his expectations, and the creek on\nwhich his mills were located finally became known as Liddell’s creek [sic]. This was the\npioneer effort in lumbering in the redwood of Santa Cruz county, an enterprise which\nfinally developed into a thriving industry. Receiving an injury in the mill which\nincapacitated him for active service Mr. Liddell retired from business and thereafter\nmade his home in Santa Cruz, where his death occurred.\nGranted that the name Liddell Creek bespeaks the presence of a Liddell, it is hard to imagine\nthat George Liddell was as great a pioneer entrepreneur as Martin gives him credit for being.\nThe land where he seems to have been belonged to James Williams, after whom there was a\nsuccession of owners – Liddell not among them – as named above.\nThere was a George Liddell, born in Scotland, 54 years of age in 1860, a carpenter by trade, who\nlived somewhere in the northern part of Santa Cruz county with his wife and children according\nto the U.S. Census of 1860. It seems possible that George was a skilled employee of Gluyas and\nCoult in the 1850s.\nThe heads of the households enumerated immediately before and after Liddell’s in the 1860\ncensus were Samuel Myrick, a millwright; Hiram Imus, also a millwright; Samuel Hillman, a\nmaster carpenter; George Innskeep, a farmer; Nathaniel Hutchins, a day laborer; and John\nPerry, a master carpenter. It is not necessarily the case that all these people were neighbors\nbecause no addresses were given and it is hard to imagine that one or more census takers could\nhave gone in a perfect geographic sequence to the 58 households, including Liddell’s, reported\nfor July 14, 1860. Nevertheless, there is some probability that they were neighbors, and if so,\nthe clustering of the houses of these construction men may have reflected a project they were\nworking on together, possibly on the Rancho for Andrew Glassell.\n\n20\n\n�Appendix: Maps to Accompany the Text\n\nDiseno of Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna\nCourtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley\n\nSchool Land Warrant number 87\nFrom School Land Warrant Book of Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz County Recorder’s Office\n\n21\n\n�1867 survey of (Rancho) Arroyo de la Laguna\nFrom United States Archives, Pacific-Sierra Region, San Bruno, California\n\n1878 survey of (Rancho) Arroyo de la Laguna\nFrom Map Room, University of California, Santa Cruz\n\n22\n\n�Map in three sections, showing the Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna and related school land\nwarrants.\nThis map is plotted on excerpts from United States Geological Survey maps of Santa Cruz, 1994,\nand Davenport, 1991; scale 1:24,000.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library\nto completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a\nlocal history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n23\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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