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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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(62:480) One hundred years later redwood lumbering was Santa Cruz County's\nlargest business. (46:192-197) In 1860 Santa Cruz County lumbermen cut ten million board feet\nof lumber. This was only a fraction of the total redwood supply available in the County. A\nUnited States Agricultural Report in 1875, showed Santa Cruz County as having 52.8 % of its\nland covered with redwood forests. (55:Vol. VII, 75fn.7; 57:203; 56:205) The lumber industry\nserved two purposes: 1) it supplied lumber for a growing California, and 2) the efforts of the\nlumbermen in clearing the forest enabled settlers to come into previously-inaccessible regions\nof the Santa Cruz Mountains and begin farming the land.\nAlthough the growth of the redwood lumber business was due largely to the efforts of the\nAnglo-Saxon lumbermen after the United States took possession of California in 1846, other\npeople before the Anglos had used the giant trees. The Costanoan Indians used large branches\nor fallen trees to build their huts. Later the Spanish and Mexicans used the small trunks as roof\nbeams over their adobe buildings.\nBetween 1836 and 1840, Thomas Larkin, the United States Counsel to Mexican-held California\n(Alta California), had a lumber business in Santa Cruz County. In 1838 Pedro Somsevain and\nWilliam Blackburn whipsawed lumber for Isaac Graham at his Felton lumbering site-Graham\nlater helped in the American takeover of California in 1846. But these early lumbering efforts\nwere by the slow whipsaw method as the demand was small. (55:Vol. VII, 76 Fri. 7; 3:2)\nIn 1840, Graham opened a water-powered lumber mill three miles above Santa Cruz on the San\nLorenzo River, near where the California Powder Works was erected in 1865. This mill had the\n\n�first mechanical saw in Santa Cruz County. The mill was built for Graham by Peter Lassen, a\nDanish blacksmith living in San Jose. (55:Vol. VII, 75 fn. 7; 44:85)\nThe switch from the whipsaw method to a mechanical lumber mill was the beginning of the\nlumber boom that was to last in the Santa Cruz Mountains until the early 1900's. The old\nwhipsaw method was slow and tedious. The lumbermen worked in pairs. They would dig a\nseven foot pit, deep enough for a man to stand in, and to accommodate sawdust. Then a\nnearby redwood tree would be selected. A scaffold was built six to ten feet above the ground\nand the men would proceed to cut the tree down, using axes, saws or a combination of the\ntwo. The scaffold was needed because the first ten feet of a redwood is hard, with the grain\ntwisted and unusable. After the tree had dropped, the men would strip branches and cut the\ntree into the desired finished lengths-eight, ten, twelve feet, etc. These lengths were then\ndragged over the pit. One man would stand on top of the log while the other would stand in the\npit. Together they would push and pull the whipsaw up and down until the board was cut from\nthe log.\nAlthough the process was slow it took very little capital to enter the lumbering business. These\nmen lived in cabins close to the pit during the summer and fall, until the rains came. In the\nwinter they would cut firewood, stakes, and other \"split stuff.\" Little is known about these early\nlumbermen for most lived lonely lives in the woods, remaining bachelors. (3:2-4)\nAnother early lumbering method was to fell the redwood and split lengths of lumber out of the\nlogs with wedges and malls. Much of the early lumber was split rather than whipsawed. (57:\n203) Even after the gold rush started, many men found that they could make more money by\nsplitting lumber in the Santa Cruz Mountains than they could in the gold fields. Whipsawed\nlumber and split lumber was worth $100 per 1000 board feet, or up to $5.00 per fourteen-inch\nplank. Each tree had about 200 feet of timber.(57:203; 20:Autumn 1960; 44:141)\nIn the 1840's the first mechanical saws began to be used in the Santa Cruz Mountains. These\nearly water-powered sawmills were located on streams that had been dammed into lagoons or\nponds. An overshot waterwheel powered an up-and-down \"Muley\" saw. These saws were very\nslow, but a vast improvement over the old whipsaw or splitting methods. The operator would\noften sleep during the process, awakening when the piece of board dropped to the floor. The\noperator would then reset the log and resume his slumber. Although the circular saw was\ninvented in 1810, by Sister Tabitha Babbit of the Harvard Shakers, it was not used in the large\nlumber mills in the 1850's. By the 1850's there were very few whipsawers left in the area. The\nearly \"Muley\" mills cut 5,000 linear feet of lumber a day, equal to ten whipsawers. (55:Vol. VII,\n77fn.7; 38:7/8/1934; 64:22,24,71; 3:4-5)\nThe early powermill business was quite risky. Unlike the low cost of a whipsawyer team or a\nsplitter, whose cost involved only hand saws, axes, wedges and mallets, the mills cost between\nfive and fifteen thousand dollars to build. Because the mills were located in deep ravines, on\ncreeks, the danger of a flood washing out the entire investment was always present. By the\n1850's the cost of timber rights was also high and most mills required several financial backers.\n\n�Along with the cost of the mill and mill shed, other buildings had to be built to house the large\ncrews necessary for full production: a cook shed, consisting of a large eating hall with kitchen\nand storage; a company store, or sometimes private stores, with a post office; a meeting hall in\nlarge camps; stable areas consisting of a barn for horses, mules, and oxen along with storage\nfor feed; bunkhouses or cabins for the crews; a blacksmith shop; and business buildings. All\nthese went into the construction of a lumber camp. Although the camps resembled small\ntowns, and many of the early camps eventually became towns, the company did not allow\ncertain amenities found in towns. Saloons were prohibited. The loggers would have to walk or\nride to the nearest town for entertainment of this nature. (3:5-7)\nLarge companies employed between fifty and sixty men. The men worked a long, hard, twelvehour day, with the teamsters working fifteen hours a day, since they had to feed and water the\nstock in the morning and at night. The pay was $1.50 a day, and $.50 for room and board was\npaid back to the company. Most of the men worked only during the dry season, but the fallers\nand strippers could work the entire year.\nThe fallers worked in pairs. First they selected a suitable redwood tree--the trees varied in size\nfrom six to fifteen feet in diameter and reached 200 to 250 feet in the air. Then they would\ndetermine the direction that they would fall the redwood and prepare the area. This meant\nbuilding a cushion of small trees, brush and limbs to soften the fall of the tree-redwood is very\nbrittle and the trunk could easily split. Next the fallers would cut a notch six to ten feet up the\ntrunk to hold the scaffold used to stand on when falling the tree. After the tree fell, the\nstrippers would cut away all the branches and strip the bark from the tree, then cut the tree\ninto the proper sections-eight, ten, twelve feet, etc.\nIn the early spring the drag crews would start working. They would first burn all the brush,\nbroken trees, and limbs scattered all around the site. These fires would not penetrate the dense\nlogs. The drag crew would then build a skid road. These roads followed gullies downhill to the\nmill site. The men would dig out a six to eight foot road bed and then bury logs, eight to ten\ninches in diameter and six to eight feet long, three-quarters into the ground every few feet. A\nskid greaser would then smear beef tallow on each buried log, making it easier for the oxen to\ndrag the cut logs down to the mill site.\nThe teamsters and their helpers tied cables around the logs and threaded the cable into a block\nand tackle set-up that was anchored to a stout tree. Oxen would then pull the logs down to the\nskid road. Several logs were then tied together in a train. Eight to ten yoke of oxen were used to\npull the train down the skid road to the mill. A teamster or \"bull puncher\" controlled the oxen\nwith a long sharp pole while the skid greaser went in front, greasing the buried logs. Men\nwalked alongside the train to watch the progress on turns and dangerous areas of the skid road.\nA big problem was keeping the logs from going out of control on downgrades and into the\noxen.\nUpon reaching the mill the logs were rolled by log jockeys into the millpond. At the mill the\nsuperintendent oversaw the production for the owners, but the millwright ran the mill\n\n�operation and was responsible for keeping it in good working order. The logs were floated into\nposition to be taken up to the saw where the sawyer made the initial cuts on the log and\ncontrolled the speed for the entire operation-the sawyer also acted as the camp spokesman for\ngrievances. The edger determined the width of the boards; then the second edger, or trimmer,\ncut the board into the proper lengths, from ten to sixteen feet with intervals of two feet. The\nsmall cutoff pieces dropped beneath the saws and were carried to a large burner by camp\nlaborers. Eight to ten stackers took the finished lumber and put it into piles reaching twenty\nfeet into the air.\nFinished lumber did not usually remain at the mill for long. Transportation to market was\nhandled by jerkline teams of five to eight pairs of horses and mules. From 2000 to 25,000 board\nfeet of lumber was piled on the heavy wagons and driven to market by a teamster at a cost of\n$9.00 per thousand board feet.\n\nUndated postcard from the library's\ncollection. The caption reads, \"Hauling\nWood with Oxen Team in Santa Cruz\nMountains, Calif.\"\n\nAlong with the crews working in the forest and mill, other\nmen worked around the camp. The cookshed often was run\nby a Chinese cook, who called the men to eat by banging a\nlarge triangle or pan. The blacksmith was very important for\nkeeping shoes on mules, horses, and oxen. He also made\nrepairs on the mill machinery and made yokes for the oxen.\nThese yokes were cut from hardwood blocks four feet long\nby eight inches square. The blocks were seasoned in water\nto remove the sap, then fitted to the oxen.\n\nAlthough the fallers and strippers could work all year, once\nthe rains began the haulers and mill hands were laid off.\nMany of these men lived in company cabins during the\nwinter and did piece work splitting railroad ties, posts, stakes, shakes, pickets and firewood.\nDuring the winter the men could work whenever they wanted, as they were paid by the cord or\nby the thousand board foot of lumber.\nAlthough the men worked six days a week, twelve to fifteen hours a day, when Saturday night\ncame they were ready to relax. The loggers would head for the nearest town with a saloon. On\nSunday morning those that were able to went to church, while the rest slept off the previous\nnight's revelry. On Sunday afternoon the men attended dances, picnics, feeds, and card games.\nWhile the early \"Muley\" saws cut about 5,000 board feet of lumber a day, the later circular and\nband saws could cut as much as 10,000 feet a day. The sawed lumber sold for $20.00 per 1000\nboard foot. Along with boards, the mills produced \"split stuff\": posts were four by six inches by\nfive feet long, and rails were two or three by six inches by ten to twelve feet long and both sold\nfor 8 cents each; pickets were two and one-half or three inches square and six and one-half feet\nlong and sold for $25.00 per 1000 board foot. Except for shakes, \"split stuff\" was used to make\nfences. Pickets were driven one foot into the ground every two to three inches. Near the top a\n\n�rail was nailed to each picket. Split boards were used to make a squirrel-tight fence in gardens\nand vineyards and to cover shanties.\nIn the 1880's the South Pacific Coast Railroad was built through the Santa Cruz Mountains. The\nadvent of train service allowed men to live with their families near the depots. Train service\nalso made transportation to market of the cut lumber quicker.\nThe development of the steam donkey allowed the mills to keep up with the new faster pace\ndemanded by the railroad. A steam donkey was a mechanical cable winch. It was powered by\nsteam produced by a boiler fueled with cordwood and water. The steam donkey moved logs on\nhillsides and skid roads quicker than oxen. It could also be easily moved to the next site by\nattaching a cable to a stable tree and letting the winch reel in the cable, thus pulling the\nmachine along.(3:8-22; 51:3-5; 40:7/1959; 20:Spring 1958, 4; 14)\nAlthough the early pioneer farmers in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains cut and\nsplit lumber for their own use and sometimes to sell, they were not primarily occupied by the\nlumber business. The first full-time lumbermen in the Summit area were Stephen \"Si\" Hall\nChase and his cousin, Josiah W. Chase.\nThe Chases left Maine in 1859 on the three-masted schooner, the Golden Rucket. Sailing\naround Cape Horn they arrived in San Francisco on May 18, 1859, and immediately headed for\nthe Santa Cruz Mountains. They worked as laborers in the lumber camps around Lexington and\nAlma, in the lower Santa Cruz Mountains. On April 15, 1863, they bought about 146 acres from\nLyman Burrell for $100 (6) and built a mill and lumber yard on Summit Road. The Chases began\nto cut timber and make lumber on their land, becoming the first lumber company to transport\nlumber from Santa Cruz County to San Jose. After cutting a section of land they would sow hay\nto help feed their working animals. The lumber business grew rapidly resulting in four mills on\nvarious parts of the mountain.\nIn 1878, the Chases moved their finishing mill into San Jose and by 1885, had one of the largest\nindustries in the area. This mill turned out fruit boxes, drying trays, doors, sashes, and other\nproducts of mill work.\nWhen Stephen Chase's brother, Foster, came to California he lived on Summit Road and\nengaged in farming. Foster Chase improved the Chase ranch by planting prune orchards in the\n1880's and 1890's.(20:Home Coming 1959; 5; 40:12/18/1961; 34:12/1927)\nWilliam A. Young was another of the early lumber pioneers in the mountains. In 1870, he\noperated a mill at the foot of Highland Way for the Chase Lumber Company. From 1873 to\n1874, Young ran the mill at the future site of Wright's Station. Young also ran a mill from 1878\nto 1880 at the foot of Hall Road (intersection of Summit and Skyland Roads). (40:7/28/1959,\n12/18/1961)\n\n�Below the present Stetson Road, off the San Jose-Soquel Road, Jerd Comstock built a lumber\nmill in 1878. Like many of these early lumbermen, Comstock had to build his own roads in order\nto reach his mill site. In 1880, Comstock moved the mill one mile up the hill, building a road one\nand one-half miles long above Hester Creek. This road, still in evidence, took off from the San\nJose-Soquel stage road, across from the future site of the Hester School, and ended up threequarters of a mile below the present site of The Willows (at the intersections of Stetson,\nSkyland and Long-ridge Roads on the Amaya Creek). This mill was used for two years. In 1881,\nJerd Comstock sold his mill to Charles \"Mountain Charley\" Henry McKieman who ran the mill\nfor two years before abandoning the site.(40:7/16/1959, 7/21/1959; 7/23/1959) In 1884,\nAdams and McKeown operated a mill south of The Willows. William A. Young had the logging\ncontract for the mill. (40:8/4/1959) Smaller mills contracted out various phases of the logging\noperations rather than having to employ large crews.\nHiram Morrell and his brother, Brad, owned a large ranch in the Summit area and built a mill on\nthe west branch of the Soquel (Laurel) Creek. They used Schultheis Road to get to the mill site.\n(40:12/7/196 1)\nIn 1893, Franch and Miracle opened a new mill at the original Comstock site. In 1897, they\nmoved one mile up the hill for a second cutting. This mill worked until 1900. (40:7/16/1959)\nFrom 1894 to 1899, William A. Young operated a box and shingle miII near the SkylandHighland area. The mill supplied fruit boxes to local farmers. In 1900, Young sold the mill to\nDaniel M. Lawrence.\nDaniel M. Lawrence was born on January 2, 1827, in Ohio. A veteran of the Mexican War,\nLawrence came to California in the early Gold Rush Days, becoming a gold miner and later a\nhunter and trapper in the Rocky Mountains. Before coming to the Santa Cruz Mountains,\nLawrence returned to Ohio where he married and lived for several years. In 1870, he and his\nwife, Lucinda, settled in the Santa Cruz Mountains. With his son, Harry F. Lawrence, he\noperated the box and shingle mill near Skyland until he died on December 31, 1910. His son,\nHarry, ran an advertisement to sell the mill in The Realty, in 1911, but did not sell it. Finally\nabout 1914, he moved the mill to Wright's where he and Tom Lindsay operated it.\n(40:7/16/1959; 34:1/1911, 6/1911)\nIn 1880, the South Pacific Coast Railroad depot at Laurel became the most important shipping\npoint for lumber in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The South Pacific Coast Railroad operated a\nlumber mill at Laurel during the construction of the line from 1877-1880. The mill produced\ntimbers for the many tunnels and railroad ties for the road bed. Laurel was also the main\nstorage point for firewood used to fire the steam boilers of the railroad engines.\nIn 1899, Fredrick A. Hihn opened a mill near Laurel. Hihn was born on August 16, 1829, at\nHolzminden, Dutchy of Brunswick, Germany. As a young man he was trained as a merchant\ngathering herbs for market. In April, 1849, in the company of sixty political refugees, Hihn set\nsail on the brig Reform, from Bremen, around Cape Horn to California. Landing in San Francisco\n\n�on October 12, 1849, Hihn and his fellow travelers set out for the gold country, where a storm\ndestroyed all the company's supplies. Hihn went into business in Sacramento, but again a storm\ndestroyed his holdings. He engaged in another business in Sacramento and, upon that failure,\nmoved to San Francisco where he opened a drug store. Again disaster struck, and it was\ndestroyed by a fire in 1851.\nLeaving San Francisco, Hihn walked to Santa Cruz with a backpack holding all his possessions.\nEntering Santa Cruz as a poor country tinker in October of 1851, Hihn quickly became a financial\nsuccess through various business interests throughout the county. By 1860, Hihn bought 404\nacres of timber in the Soquel Augmentation Rancho and opened a mill at Laurel in 1899.\nHihn's steam-powered bandsaw at Laurel produced 50,000 board feet of lumber a day. Located\nclose to the railroad depot at Laurel, Hihn had a railroad spur track built down to the mill on the\nSoquel Creek. Although a railroad engine could not pull the lumber up the steep bank of the\nspur line, a steam donkey provided the necessary power, thus eliminating the need for the old\nheavy lumber wagons hauling the lumber to the railroad depot.\nAfter the 1906 earthquake, which damaged the railroad tunnels, Hihn's mill used the old\njerkline wagon teams to transport lumber from Laurel down the hill to Los Gatos where the\nlumber was loaded on freight cars and shipped on to the great rebuilding effort at San\nFrancisco. The lumber company operated in Laurel until 1913, a year after Hihn's death. The\nlumber supply had run out and the mill was closed.(38:6/10/1934; 48:126, 173, 227-228;\n47:146)\nIn the summer of 1899, a fire destroyed a large portion of the Summit area. The home of\nJosephine Clifford McCrackin, a well-known California writer and poet, was in the path of the\nflames and was consumed. After the ordeal was over McCrackin, realizing that the native\nredwood forests were being destroyed, not only by fire but by the many logging operations,\nwrote articles published in the Santa Cruz Sentinel, calling for conservation of the great forests.\nShe enlisted the help of Andrew P. Hill, a noted artist and photographer, who had taken\npictures of the fire's destruction. Together with many Summit residents, McCrackin and Hill\nformed the Sempervirens Club. The club, dedicated to the preservation of the redwood forests,\nwas helped by the Native Sons and Daughters and the California Pioneer Society. They appealed\nto the California State Legislature for the creation of parks to protect the redwoods. The result,\nin 1902, was the creation of the first California redwood park, now known as Big Basin State\nPark, located near Boulder Creek in the northern part of Santa Cruz County. (38:5/27/1934;\n62:480)\nIn 1906, The Realty began a series of articles written by local Summit residents asking Frederick\nHihn to stop lumbering the Soquel Creek area in Laurel. (34:11/1906) Little heed was paid the\n\"do-gooders\" by the lumbermen and they continued to log the area. Soon, however, there\nwere no more trees left to cut and the lumbermen were forced to close their mills and leave\nthe area.\n\n�Source\nExcerpted from Payne, Stephen Michael. A Howling Wilderness: a History of the Summit Road\nArea of the Santa Cruz Mountains 1850-1906. Santa Cruz, CA: Loma Prieta Publishing, 1978.\nCopyright 1978 Stephen Michael Payne. Reproduced with the permission of the author.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library\nto completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a\nlocal history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. "]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264219"},["text","Articles on Santa Cruz County history, many with illustrations, are available here.\r\n\r\nThe Santa Cruz Public Libraries is grateful to our local historians and their publishers for giving permission to include their articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894532"},["text","Paper"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894522"},["text","A Howling Wilderness: Felling the Giants"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894523"},["text","Felling the Giants"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894524"},["text","Payne, Stephen"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894525"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894526"},["text","1978"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894527"},["text","TEXT"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894528"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894529"},["text","ARTICLE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894530"},["text","AR-218"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894531"},["text","Santa Cruz (County)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894570"},["text","Santa Cruz Mountains"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894571"},["text","Summit"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894572"},["text","Lumbering"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894573"},["text","Mills-Lumber"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894584"},["text","Excerpted from: Payne, Michael. \"A Howling Wilderness: A History of the Summit Road Area of the Santa Cruz Mountains 1850-1906.\" Santa Cruz, CA: Loma Prieta Publishing, 1978."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894585"},["text","Copyright 1978 by Stephen Michael Payne. Reproduced with permission of the author."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894592"},["text","Selected Bibliography"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"31"},["name","Industries"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"107993","public":"1","featured":"1"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109713"},["text","Local News Index"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"109714"},["text","An index to newspaper and periodical articles from a variety of Santa Cruz publications.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840006"},["text","It is a collection of over 87,000 articles, primarily from the Santa Cruz Sentinel, that have been clipped and filed in subject folders. While these articles of local interest range in date from the early 1900's to the present, most of the collection and clipped articles are after roughly 1960. There is an ongoing project to scan the complete articles and include them in this collection.
Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894645"},["text","While there is some overlap between this index and the Historic Newspaper Index (approximately 1856-1960), they are different databases and are searched separately."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1839995"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"7"},["name","Original Format"],["description","If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509192"},["text","PAPER"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509179"},["text","CF-32087"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509180"},["text","A look into the Valley's past"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509181"},["text","no date, pictures"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509182"},["text","0000-00-00"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509183"},["text","Valley Press"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509184"},["text","San Lorenzo Valley"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509185"},["text","Lumbering"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509186"},["text","Undated"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509187"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509188"},["text","Text"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509189"},["text","EN"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509190"},["text","NEWS"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1509191"},["text","DOCUMENT"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"162"},["name","Clipping branch location: Downtown"]],["tag",{"tagId":"722"},["name","Clipping filed under: San Lorenzo Valley"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"9392","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"11191"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/e0acecc306a772029cb4cae63d5c1e9d.jpg"],["authentication","66db0785565b5ee98c455cdbfa67e745"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"9"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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See the About section for a list of sources used."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840000"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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