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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Subsequent studies and evaluations conducted within the city limits for the purposes of\nsatisfying national, state, and county regulations largely have been based on information provided in the 1986\nsurvey.\nIn 1986, the City sponsored a city-wide survey of 107 buildings and structures for the purposes of streamlining\ndevelopment planning, highlighting tangible links to the past, and facilitating the preparation of future\nhistorical resource reports, most importantly NRHP nominations. Rowe & Associates team members\nconducted a street-by-street canvas of the city's building stock and took notes and photographs of structures\n\"of architectural interest.\" The field survey listed structures more than 50 years old (as of 1986) that had\n\"retained their architectural integrity over time.\" After \"a broad, representative list emerged,\" the results\nwere plotted on maps and \"potential historic districts defined.\" \"Significant\" individual structures were also\nrecorded as buildings of local interest. (Rowe & Associates 1986.)\nThe results of the survey determined that there were \"about 240 structures that best represent traditional\narchitectural styles locally or the community's vernacular architecture\"; these structures were listed in the\nsurvey. The survey also identified \"several\" buildings of local interest that \"are eligible for inclusion on the\nCalifornia Historic Resources Inventory and eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.\"\nAlong with the list of 12 individual buildings and structures \"considered to be of local interest,\" the report\nlisted three historic districts, including the \"Old Riverview Avenue area,\" \"Six Sisters-Lawn Way area,\" and the\n\"Venetian Court area.\" (Rowe & Associates 1986.) These districts were identified as eligible resources\nfollowing consultation with the State Office of Historic Preservation. The districts were considered areas with a\ncommon historical \"theme\" and architecture that \"convey[s] a sense of the past and [is] significant in the\ncommunity's development.\" The three districts were listed within the National Register between April 1987\nand January 1988 (National Park Service 2001).\n\n1\n\n�The body of the Rowe & Associates survey report consisted of a list of addresses and locations for all surveyed\nbuildings and structures, photographs (taken in 1986) of each, along with approximate dates of construction\nand brief descriptions (including styles, materials, and ownership information when it was available). ...\nConcurrent with the completion of the 1986 Rowe & Associates survey, Charles Rowe and Roger Hathaway\nprepared an NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form for the Old Riverview Avenue Historic District. The district\ndescribed in the nomination form consisted of 57 properties, 46 (81%) of which were contributing (i.e., they\ncontributed to the historic character of the district). The district's buildings included modest one and twofamily, wood-frame homes of summer cottages constructed between approximately 1935 and 1930.\nArchitectural styles notes were an informal mix of \"Bungalow, Craftsman, and vernacular styles; several\nbuildings also show influences of the Spanish Colonial Style.\" Integrity was noted as high, with modifications\nwitnessed primarily with regards to doors and windows. The noncontributing infill was described as\n\"compatible with the 'beach-cottage' style of architecture which predominates.\" (National Park Service 1986.)\nThe Old Riverview Avenue district's boundaries were described as bounded on the west by Soquel Creek, on\nthe east by Riverview Drive, on the south by Stockton Avenue, and on the north by a point just north of the\nintersection of Riverview Drive and Oak Drive. This point was characterized as the place where \"the district's\nearly twentieth-century colony [is distinguished from] altered and modern dwellings.\" The railroad trestle and\nthe narrow creek-side walkway are also noted feature of the district. (National Park Service 1986.) Addresses\nincluded in the district extend the western boundary to a point west of the west bank of Soquel Creek (to\ninclude 1720 and 1720A Wharf Road); the district also incorporates nine buildings between Bluegum Avenue\nand Capitola Avenue.\n\nAffected Environment\nHistoric Setting\nThe incorporated City of Capitola is located along the Pacific coast of Santa Cruz County. One of the original 27\nCalifornia counties established in 1850, the boundaries of Santa Cruz County (initially named Branciforte\nCounty, but changed that year) were altered only once in 1868 when the northern limit was moved south (Coy\n1973). Capitola is located midway up the coast of the county, approximately 5 miles from Santa Cruz. Soquel\nCreek creates a dividing line between two portions of Capitola, with residences to the north of the creek and a\nmixture of business, entertainment, and residences along the south side of the creek.\n\nEarly Exploration: 1769-1797\nIn July 1769, the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portola, accompanied by Father Juan Crespi, left San Diego to find\nand settle Monterey Bay. After being forced inland by the Santa Lucia Mountains, the expedition followed the\nSalinas River to Monterey Bay. However, confusion in the description of a previous expedition misled the\nexplorers to believe they had not reached their destination, and they proceeded north along the coast. This\nroute sent the team through areas now known as Watsonville, Capitola, and Santa Cruz. The path they took\nfrom San Diego became part of El Camino Real, and the Franciscan missionaries subsequently established\nMission Santa Cruz in 1791 and nearby Villa de Branciforte (a pueblo or town) in 1797 (Beck and Haase 1974).\n2\n\n�Rancho Soquel: 1833-1860\nBy 1833, Mexico had assumed control of the area. The early steps of secularization, as authorized by Mexican\nGovernor Jose Figueroa, freed all mission landholdings, as well as several large tracts of land, and authorized\nland ownership by private persons (Rawls and Bean 1993). Granting of the large \"ranchos,\" some of which\ncontained over 32,000 acres in (modern) Santa Cruz County, was intended to encourage settlement of the\narea by Mexican citizens, who primarily raised cattle (Rawls and Bean 1993, State Lands Commissions 1982).\nMartina Castro (daughter of Mexican governor of California [1835-1836] Jose Castro) obtained a grant to\nRancho Shoquel (more commonly known as \"Soquel\" and referred to hereafter as such) from Governor\nFigueroa in November 1833. After the United States annexation of California in 1848, and as stipulated under\nthe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Castro applied for a patent to her land in April 1852. Eight years later, after a\nformal survey of the land was conducted and confirmed by the Land Commission in 1854, Castro was issued a\nformal patent to the 1,668.03-acre Rancho Soquel. This rancho was roughly bounded by Soquel Creek to the\nwest, Borregas Creek to the east, and a northern boundary line approximately 1 mile north of the beach. Also\nin 1854, Castro acquired a patent to the much larger 32,702.41-acre \"Shoquel Augmentation\" rancho located\ndirectly north of Rancho Soquel (Hart 1978, Hoffman 1862, Perez 1996, U.S. Geological Survey 1954, R 1994).\nDuring Mexican tenure, the (modern) Capitola beach area was referred to as La Playa de Soquel and remained\nvirtually undeveloped during the ranch period (1834-1846). Following the Gold Rush of 1848, large tracts of\nformer ranchos were divided into smaller parcels that eventually provided land for newcomers to the state.\nDuring this period, Soquel Landing developed into a more formal schooner landing that serviced ships\ndelivering San Francisco goods to local markets (Kyle 1990).\n\nEarly Development of Capitola: 1869-1913\nCapitola's early development is directly associated with Frederick A. Hihn, an entrepreneur and gold-seeker\nborn in Germany. Having amassed a small fortune in gold, Hihn settled in the Soquel region by 1869 and\nestablished Camp Capitola on the La Playa de Soquel property 7 years later. Hihn had quickly realized the\npossible demand for a beach tourist stop along the Santa Cruz Railroad Company route established through\nthe area in 18874 (Gudde 1969, Robertson 1998); Camp Capitola was Hihn's response to the anticipated\ndemand. Hihn's name for the new camp was an apparent play on the term \"capitol.\" Hihn likely saw an\nopportunity to suggest locating the state capitol at Camp Capitola. By 1876, the Santa Cruz Railroad Company\nline extended to Pajaro, and the Camp Capitola resort grew and quickly became a leading summer vacation\nspot for numerous central California residents (Robertson 1998, Rowe & Associates 1986).\nIn the years between 1876 and his death in 1913, Hihn continued to acquire holdings and guide the\ndevelopment of Capitola. Acting as a land speculator, Hihn bought and sold lots and oversaw the construction\nof numerous hotels and other recreation facilities (Lydon & Swift 1978). Like many seaside resorts of the time,\nCapitola quickly gained a reputation as a prime tourist and recreation destination. However, unlike many\nsouthern California beach communities, such as Pismo Beach, with more temperate climates, Capitola\ntransformed from the popular \"Tent City\" format to more a [sic] permanent resort early on (JRP Historical\nConsulting Services 1999, Lydon & Swift 1978, Sanborn 1892). At the turn of the 20th century, the two-lane\nroad between the Santa Clara County town of Los Gatos and the coastal town of Soquel was the primary route\ntaken over the Santa Cruz Mountains by affluent Bay Area residents to cities such as Santa Cruz. The road thus\n3\n\n�earned the name \"Old Santa Cruz Highway,\" which is still used today. Capitola's proximity to Soquel (in\naddition to its easy access via railroad) made Capitola a prime stop for tourists at that time (Beal 1991).\n\nDevelopment of Capitola under Henry Rispin: 1914-1930s\nAfter Hihn's death from pneumonia, his daughter Katherine Cope Henderson sold the Camp Capitola lands in\n1919 to Henry Allen Rispin, a Canadian oil millionaire who had relocated to San Francisco. Rispin planned to\ntransform Capitola into the \"Riviera of the New World\" and promptly renamed the resort town \"Capitola-bythe-Sea.\" By 1920, Rispin owned the entire waterfront; Hotel Capitola; cottage and bathhouse buildings;\nresort concessions; and 30 acres along Soquel Creek, where he built his personal 8-acre estate (Rowe &\nAssociates 1986).\nRispin made many public improvements to the town and began to subdivide and sell residential and\ncommercial lots marketed mostly to people of well-heeled communities such as San Francisco. Under various\ncompany names located in larger Bay Area communities, Rispin distributed literature espousing the virtues of\ncoastal living in an attempt to gain clients (Capitola Properties 1922). His subdivisions under the parent\ncompany, named Bay Head Land Company, led to the development of many new cottages, a deeper\ncommunity interest in Capitola activities and business, and the foundation for the eventual incorporation of\nthe city. Driven by the economic prosperity of the coast region and booming cities such as San Francisco and\nSan Jose in the 1920s, Capitola-by-the-Sea became a thriving resort community, like many of the coastal\nresorts of the time, attracting thousands of summer visitors.\nThe timing of Capitola's development during the early 1920s worked to Rispin's advantage. Tourism to the\narea, and thus access to distant wealthy clients, was facilitated by a number of factors, including the oil boom\nof the Los Angeles area, the subsequent rise in the use of the automobile in California, and improvements of\nhighways by the federal government. The latter phenomenon occurred nationwide and opened up a\nsignificant number of coastal (both Atlantic and Pacific) towns to tourism (Rawls & Bean 1993).\nDuring the early 1920s, the Bay Head Land Company sold numerous lots in subdivisions along the beach and\nSoquel Creek. Economic troubles forced the Bay Head Land Company to cease operations in the area by 1924,\nand the company conveyed all interest to its landholding in order to focus on its San Jose branch. After the Bay\nHead Land Company had left the region, others, such as the Blanchard Company owned by San Francisco\nresident C. E. Blanchard, took up the majority of new subdivisions in northern Capitola (Hoag 1928; Lydon &\nSwift 1978). However, because of the seasonal nature of the tourist trade and competition with nearby Santa\nCruz, Capitola remained a small town. By 1927, the year-round population was reported to be only 500 (Lydon\n& Swift 1978; Rowe & Associates 1986).\nIn December 1929, Hotel Capitola burned to the ground, symbolically ending the success of the 1920s and\nintroducing the disastrous depression of the 1930s. Rispin, like many financiers nationwide, went bankrupt\nwhen the stock market crashed, and many of his holdings were auctioned off in an attempt to pay creditors.\nWith an economy based largely upon the tourist market, Capitola languished through the Great Depression\nand the war years and experienced little development (Rowe & Associates 1986). The 1890s improvement of\nCapitola (from a simple tent resort to a slightly upper-class permanent resort) later may have become an\nobstacle to attracting large numbers of tourists; during the depression, railroad tourism declined substantially,\n4\n\n�and lower- to middle-class \"automobile\" vacationers returned to the more economical tent camps (Belasco\n1979).\n\nModern Development: 1949-Present\nThe residents of Capitola succeeded in their campaign to incorporate in 1949; the new city supported a\npopulation of less than 2,000 at that time. Despite the major expansion and growth witnessed throughout the\nstate after the conclusion of World War II, Capitola's growth and development remained slow. Although three\nroutes over the summit of the Santa Cruz Mountains (the Los Gatos-Soquel route, a road along Bear Creek,\nand the \"Glenwood\" route) existed before the 1940 completion of modern Highway 17, all were considered\nwinding and arduous by travelers reliant on automobiles. Whereas the Los Gatos-Soquel route was heavily\ntraveled up to the early 20th century, the construction of Highway 17 in 1940 brought the largest number of\nautomobiles to the south side of the mountains (Beal 1991). The construction of this conduit to San Jose, and\nthe subsequent improvement to Route 1 between Santa Cruz and Watsonville, served to concentrate\ndevelopment in these two areas, and left the towns in between, such as Capitola, to languish (Beal 1991).\nIn the 1970s, Capitola began to urbanize once again through accelerated residential growth and the\nannexation of surrounding lands. One example of annexation included the 41st Avenue area west of Soquel\nCreek. This region was historically part of the James Brown dairy ranch. The annexed area became the\ncounty's regional shopping center and modern business district (Lydon & Swift 1978).\nDespite development beyond the original Camp Capitola tract, the village area and beach continue to thrive\nand attract tourists as they did when Hihn and Rispin controlled the beach-front land and recreational\nactivities. Today, Capitola remains a popular tourist stop, as well as bedroom community, for many of the\nsurrounding urban areas. In addition, over the last 30 years, Capitola has continued to experience a\nconsiderable amount of growth, particularly in its outlying area beyond the limits of the original town.\n\nSource\nExcerpted from: Draft Environmental Impact Report: 505, 505 1/2, and 505A Riverview Drive, City of Capitola,\nAugust 2001; Appendix A. Historical Resource Design Review for 505, 505 1/2 and 505A Riverview Drive,\nprepared June 2001, Jones and Stokes, pp. 1-9.\n\nIt is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to completely\nverify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are\nincorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library.\n\n5\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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