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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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The lower ford was\ncalled the Kingsford, because Soquel Avenue was once El Camino Real, or the King's Road. The upper ford, which was\ndeeper, was called the Waterford. Even after construction of the 1868 Water Street bridge and 1874 Soquel Avenue\ncovered bridge, fords for watering horses continued to parallel them.\nThe riverbanks were mostly forest groves of willows, water maples, alders, laurels, elms, live oaks, cedars, and\nredwoods. Downtown was the hortaliza, or vegetable garden, for the mission, and north of Mission Hill was the orchard.\nFront Street was originally Main Street, and the backs of businesses extended over the river on stilts. As the downtown\noutgrew this two-block street, the town hoped to extend the street south of Soquel Avenue and link it with Liebrandt\nAvenue. For flood control, the street would have run atop a dike, but orchardists saw their irrigation water threatened\nand blocked this plan.\nThe business district shifted to Pacific Avenue instead. After an 1862 flood, Bulkhead Street was constructed atop a low\ndike.\nThe state declared the San Lorenzo River 150 feet wide in 1872 to prevent encroachment. Local laws curbed mill\ndumping of sawdust, which suffocated fish, in the river. Bausch beer gardens lost business on the days a nearby winery\ndumped pungent tailings in the creek. And the river ran red when Kron's tannery emptied a tanbark vat.\nAs businesses abandoned Front Street, it became Chinatown. But the Chinese inherited an area where raw sewage went\nright into the river. A stench filled the downtown at low tide, and the Chinese were blamed during an 1870s anti-Chinese\nmovement.\nThe controversy ended when a laundry fire burned Chinatown in 1894, taking half of downtown with it. Chinatown was\nrelocated to the nearby Blackburn Farm, and to Midford Island, which stood between the two fords and is today the\nLongs/Zanato's parking lot. [Editor’s note: The drugstore here called Longs was renamed to CVS Pharmacy following a\nchange of ownership in 2008.]\nA large maple forest on the north was called Island Grove. It was a popular site for picnics and bull's-head barbecues.\nThe latter were held by the island residents, wagon ornamenters Charles Alarcon and Lino Ortiz, who came from Mexico\nand built two adobes here.\n1\n\n�When the railroad reached Santa Cruz in 1876, it was the river as much as the beach that drew tourists. Santa Cruz\npromoted itself as a \"sportsmen's paradise,\" with most hotels only two blocks from the river. Hotels and downtown\ncampgrounds saw a business boom each year at the start of fishing season.\nWith the river mouth dammed part of the year, more than a dozen docks lined it, many renting rowboats. When\nboardwalk founder Fred Swanton helped build a fish hatchery at Brookdale in 1905, the San Lorenzo became the No. 1\nfishing river in Northern California, and remained so for half a century.\nThe river also offered a dozen swimming holes. Historian Ernest Otto, who grew up in the 1870s, recalled that children\nfrom certain neighborhoods frequented certain holes. Store-bought bathing suits were the exception back then. Girls\nwore an old calico summer dress, and boys either wore a union suit or a cut-off flour sack, with cutout leg holes, and\ndrawstring belt.\nThe river mouth was the favorite spot, with its bathhouse and diving raft. Local boys favored Rennie Slough, which\nstretched from Cathcart Street to Beach Hill, almost reaching Pacific Avenue. The slough was warm and deep, and so\nsheltered by groves of trees that nude swimming was the norm, as it was at swim holes above the Water Street Bridge.\nRennie's Slough was finally filled in and became the town fairgrounds. When the annual Venetian Water Carnivals, which\nfeatured decorated boat parades, began in 1895, the former slough was called Waterfair Square and the lower river\n\"Laguna Carnivale.\" The carnival staged Gilbert & Sullivan operas on an island at the river bend called the Opera Island.\nDuring the 1920s and '30s, Fred Swanton encouraged river beautification and helped establish Community Park, where\nthe Court House is today. But after the 1955 flood, all riverside forests were stripped, and the river was straightened by\nthe Army Corps of Engineers. Town fathers felt tourism was the wrong image for Santa Cruz, and the aesthetics of the\nriver were never restored. A look at that work in 1974 said the river had been reduced to a \"drainage ditch.\"\n\nSources\n\n\nThis article originally appeared in the San Jose Mercury News, June 28, 1994, p. 1B. Copyright 1994 Ross Eric\nGibson. Reprinted by permission of Ross Eric Gibson.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n2\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual authors.\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264220"},["text","It is the library's intent to provide accurate information. However, it is not possible to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a variety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in an article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"264216"},["text","Santa Cruz Public Libraries\r\n"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Document"],["description","A resource containing textual data. 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Reprinted by permission of Ross Eric Gibson."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893051"},["text","San Lorenzo River"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893052"},["text","Fish and Fishing"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893053"},["text","Chinatowns"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893054"},["text","Santa Cruz (City)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"12"},["name","Nature"]],["tag",{"tagId":"5"},["name","Recreation and Sports"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"134373","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"20810"},["src","https://history.santacruzpl.org/omeka/files/original/d8d50a094937de9c13e7a3204d4ddf4d.pdf"],["authentication","01d3e08b04de9a512b4ef7508735e672"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"7"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"94"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1899591"},["text","1001 Stagnaros\nBy Geoffrey Dunn\n\nOne of Robert \"Big Boy\" Stagnaro's earliest childhood memories is of a small hole next to his father's fish market on the\nSanta Cruz Municipal Wharf. Through it he could see the sparkling blue and green waters of Monterey Bay and a patch\nof weathered wharf pilings covered with mussels, barnacles, starfish and long clumps of seaweed swaying with the tides.\n\"My life began at the edge of that hole,\" says Big Boy, the magic of the memory lingering in his eyes.\nBig Boy was four years old then, and his father had cut out the hole so that his youngest son could fish through it while\nthe rest of the family carried out the duties of running a fish business. \"He made sure it was small enough so that I\ncouldn't fall in,\" Big Boy remembers, \"but it was large enough for me to pull fish up. And believe me, I used to catch a lot\nof fish through that hole.\"\nA few years later, Big Boy was set loose from his tiny fishing grounds and given free reign of the entire wharf. He would\nscamper from fishing boat to fishing boat, listening to the old Italian fishermen speak in their native dialects about the\nday's weather and their catches.\nWhenever he got into trouble with one of the fishermen, Big Boy would hurry off to an old Model T truck parked across\nthe street from the wharf's fish houses. Inside was his grandfather, Cottardo Peter Stagnaro I, who had a special\nfondness for his last grandson, given the name Big Boy at birth because he had weighed only one pound and had nearly\ndied in a pool of blood.\nCottardo I was in his seventies and permanently injured, the victim of a boating accident years earlier, but there was still\na fierceness to his presence as he watched the final days of his life through the windshield of the fish truck.\n\"I was his pet. Nobody could touch me when I was with him,\" says Big Boy. \"He couldn't walk anymore, but he seemed\nsomehow larger than life. I always knew that as long as I was with him, I was safe. Nobody—and I mean nobody—ever\ncrossed him.\"\nThe man nobody ever crossed was born in Riva Trigoso, Italy in 1859. By the time he was 10, he was a veteran seaman\non merchant ships sailing along the Mediterranean Coast. By the time he was 15, he had crossed the Atlantic three\ntimes. In 1874, while his vessel was unloading cargo on the old Santa Cruz Railroad Wharf, he jumped ship and decided\nto call Santa Cruz his new home.\nThe young sailor had four sisters in Riva Trigoso, and in the ensuing decades he traveled back and forth between Italy\nand America, eventually bringing three of his sisters, their husbands and nearly 60 other families from Riva to the west\nside banks of Santa Cruz. For over 40 years, \"La Barranca,\" as it was called, hosted a thriving Italian fishing colony—and\nCottardo I was the recognized patriarch.\n\n1\n\n�Maria Zolezzi Stagnaro, Cottardo's wife, immigrated to the United States in 1898, bringing along with her an adolescent\nson, Cottardo II. In 1900, at the family home on Bay Street, she gave birth to another son, Malio, and a waterfront\ndynasty was born.\nIn the next half-century, Cottardo I and II, Malio and Cottardo II's children fashioned a mini-wharf empire, the C.\nStagnaro Fishing Corporation, which would come to include two restaurants, coffee shops, a dozen fishing vessels, three\nspeed boats, a fish market and a marine fuel station.\n\"There were so many of us,\" says Big Boy, \"we had to expand. We didn't have any choice. During the Depression, our\nbusiness actually grew because of all the hard work we put into it and all the hungry mouths we had to feed. That's\nwhen the family got the nickname the '1001 Stagnaros.'\n\"The wharf was always exciting back then,\" he emphasizes. \"I couldn't wait for the school bell to ring so that I could go\ndown there and work. I lived for that every day.\n\"The amount of fish brought in when I was young was incredible. Tons of salmon, sea bass, rock cod, sole and sable fish.\nThere were 75 to 100 boats unloading their catches on any given day, and as soon as the boats were emptied, the men\nwere back at work mending their nets and baiting their lines.\"\nWhen it was built in 1914, the cast side of the wharf was lined with a series of davits, small hand cranes that hoisted the\nfishing fleet to the dock whenever rough weather was imminent. The building of the small craft harbor in the 1960s\nbrought about the demise of the davits and their departure changed the wharf forever. \"The wharf lost its color then,\"\nsays Big Boy. \"We'll never bring those days back.\"\nBig Boy is not the only Stagnaro nostalgic about the wharf's colorful past. If her younger brother's first memories are of\nfishing, Gilda Stagnaro's are of truck rides with her Uncle Malio and five-cent ice cream cones. \"I remember my father\nbuying us ice cream and of listening to the beautiful Italian language of the fishermen,\" she reminisces. \"It was music to\nmy ears, like a serenade or an aria all the time.\"\nWhile Big Boy and the rest of her brothers worked daily on the boats and in the fish market, Gilda's initial destiny\nappeared to be far away from the wharf. She was an honors student in languages at Santa Cruz High and had dreams of\nserving in the diplomatic corps as a translator. Her first job was with the Chamber of Commerce in 1941, but by the end\nof World War II she was back working full time at the wharf with the rest of her family.\n\"I filled in everywhere at first—in the coffee shop, the market, handling fish and game tags,\" she says smiling. \"But after\na while, I wound up running the coffee shop. You might say I found my niche.\"\nIn 1972 the Stagnaros renovated their Sports Fishers Coffee Shop into a full, 134-seat seafood restaurant--Gilda's--and\nthe lady after whom the restaurant was named found herself putting in 18-hour-and-over days, but never time to marry.\n\"I ran myself pretty hard,\" she acknowledges in a characteristic understatement, \"but the family needed me, so I was\nthere.\"\nIn the 1980s, Gilda's restaurant is the last remaining holding of the original C. Stagnaro Corporation. A series of family\ndeaths, the decline of the local fisheries and difficult business conditions all contributed to the family releasing itself\nfrom its various enterprises. Only Big Boy, Gilda, and Big Boy's children, Dino (recently brought in as a manager) and\nLaura, remain working in the family enterprise.\n\"It gets harder and harder each year to make it,\" declares Big Boy. \"Increase in food and labor costs, insurance and rents\nhave all added to our problems. Plus, with all the new businesses on the wharf, parking isn't adequate out here during\npeak periods. We don't get the kind of overflow crowds in the restaurant as often as we used to.\"\nAccording to Gilda, the city-sponsored expansion on the wharf has been a mixed blessing.\n2\n\n�\"I feel we were ready for a facelift, but there was a lack of forethought in respect to business conditions. The increase in\nthe number of businesses—with all their additional employees, never mind their customers—greatly exceeds the\nincrease in parking.\"\nIn spite of the business demands placed upon them by the modern era, the Stagnaros still manage to bring a little of the\ncherished old days into their restaurant.\n\"We don't know everyone like we used to,\" says Gilda, \"but our forte here is still the personal touch.\n\"You know, this hustle-and-bustle today never stops me from recognizing how fortunate we are to live here in Santa\nCruz. I always take time to look out the windows and marvel at the sunsets. I used to want to go out and see the world,\nbut now the world comes to me. Visitors from all over the globe walk in each day, and we always try to make them feel\nat home.\"\nIndeed, it is a lot like the old days, and even if her spaghetti sauce isn't quite as good as her mother's used to be, her\nsmile is just as warm, and the lines around her and her brother's eyes have such rich stories to tell.\n\nSources\n\n\nThis article is a chapter from: Santa Cruz is in the Heart, by Geoffrey Dunn. Capitola Book Company. Copyright\n1985 Geoffrey Dunn. Reproduced with the permission of the author.\n\nThe content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history\ninformation. However, it is not possible for the Library to completely verify the accuracy of individual articles obtained from a\nvariety of sources. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation,\nplease contact the Webmaster.\n\n3\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"8"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123576"},["text","Santa Cruz History Articles"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123577"},["text","Original articles by library staff and by local authors and material from historical books. 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