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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Box 374\nBEN LOMOND\nCALIFORNIA\n\nTHEODORE H. SMITH\nOwner and Operator\n\n�Aerial View of Blake Hammond Manor\nLower left Corner-The Administration Building.\nUpper right corner-Beverly and Blake Cottages for girls\nover 15. The V shaped building next to these is the Elizabeth\nEllen Smith Memo rial Building which houses the dining room,\nschool and dormatories for smaller boys.\n\nCenter-The Lowder Memorial Building which houses\ng irls and boys in their respective w ings who require a great\ndeal of personal attention .\nRe ctangular building-The Boys' Farm Unit for older\nboys .\nUpper left-Laundry, Milk House, Work Shop, Barns, etc.\n\nBLAKE HAMMOND MANOR IS A COEDUCATIONAL SCHOOL AND HOME FOR THE\nHANDICAPPED AND MENTALLY RETARDED\nBlake Hammond Ma11or is situated in the Sa11ta\nCru7, Mountains at Ben Lomond, California. It is\nbeautifully located among stately redwoods and shady\npines, which lend an atmosphere of peacefulness and\nrefinement for the guidance of the unde rprivilcdged\nand handicapped.\nThe most perfect climatic conditions exist for\nhealthful living and recreation; with every effort expended to advantageously exploit it for the benefit of\nthe occupants.\n\nThis school is composed of several indi vidual\nunits-the Administration Building; the E li7-abeth\nEllen Smith Memorial Group, which includes Blake\nand Beverly Cottages; the Lowder Memoria l Building\nand the Boys' Farm Unit, together with thei r group\nof associated buildings.\nE ach unit is specifically organized to derive the\nutmost benefits for those children they are to house.\nAll units ar e strictly supervised by trained personnel\nand a competent staff is in constant attendance for\ninstruction and guidance and to maintain a homelikt\na tmosphere among those they are trying to help.\n\nPage 2\n\n�Location\n\nEnvironment\n\nBlake Hammond Manor is located on State Highway No. 9 one mile north of Ben Lomond, California.\nIt nestles in the bowl of a horseshoe shaped ridge of\nhills of the Santa Cruz mountains and is surrounded\nby some of California's finest redwoods. The tree\nlined San Lorenzo River cascades past the open end\nof this horseshoe dividing the original site of the\nschool from the new site on which all future buildings\nwill be located.\nBlake Hammond Manor is 70 miles south of San\nFrancisco at the base of the Santa Cruz peninsula.\nFrom San Francisco one has a choice of three hard\nsurfaced all-weather highways, namely scenic Skyline\nBoulevard which leads directly to our school, the attractive and more populated State Highway No. 101\nwhich passes through Palo Alto and the faster, but\nbu~inesslike Bay Shore Highway, both of which meet\nHighway No. 17 at Sunnyvale. From Sunnyvale you\npass through Saratoga and Los Gatos, then continue\nto Camp Evers where you turn right to Felton, then\nagain turn right on San Lorenzo River Drive four\nmiles to our entrance. 'vVe are 380 miles north of Los\n1\\ngelcs. Y uu may take either the coast road to l\\llontcrcy and Santa Cruz or the inland route to Sa11ta Cruz\nYia Salinas. From Sana Cruz you proceed North\nt\\\\-cl ve miles to ou1· gate.\n\nClimate\n\nquoia Sempervi rens) kno·wn to mankind. Each year\nthis park and the small pocket edition, Santa Cruz\nBig Trees which lies four miles to the South of us,\nis visited by many thousands of tourists from all over\nthe world. Santa Cruz, the Beach City on Monterey\nBay, widely known for its splendid surf bathing, fi shing and aquatic sports is just twelve miles away. In\nfact we are in the heart of a wonderful vacation land\nwhere thousands come annually to enjoy the excellent\nscenery, extremely healthy, even climate and fo r a\nvacation and rest.\n\n'vVe are eleven miles South of the Califorpia State\nRedwood Park locally known as Big Basin, which\npark consists of several thousands of acres of some of\nthe finest, largest and oldest Giant Redwoods ( Se· Page 3\n\n.\n~ -'\n\n.\nJi ¼o,;n~~<>I -\n\n�The Elizabeth Ellen Smith Memorial Group\nThe E lizabeth E llen Smith Memorial Croup is\ndedicated to the memory of Mr. Theodore H. Smith's\n\nsmall boys, then there are two homelike units, Beverly\nand Blake Cottages for g irls of 16 and ove r:\n\nmother, who was a pioneer in the field for instruction,\n\nT hese buildings are beau ti fully constructed and\n\nguidance and assistance of the mentally retarded. This\ngroup is divided into four units, the largest comprising\n\nsituated on one of the finest sites of the spacious\n\nthe dining hall, kitchen, employees quarters, three\n\ngrounds of Blake Hammond Manor. They are fire\nproof structu1·es, of large p roportions and command\n\nlarge school rooms and a dormatory for small boys.\n\noutstanding views of the surrounding countryside, for\n\nThe second smallest unit is given over entirely for\n\nwhich the community is noted.\n\nPage 4\n\n�School Rooms -\n\nDepartment for Instruction and Guidance\n\nThe school rooms, photographs of which appear below, a re large commodious, rooms, adequately providing seating space for individual instruction and assistance for guidance in the well-supervised courses\nof ferecl.\nAll work is planned, and all courses of procedure\na rc adapted to the abilities of the scholars a nd their\n\ncapacit ies. The accomplished results a re displayed and\nencouragement is the keynote of every teacher's endeavor.\nP leasant atmospheres prevail and the pupils enjoy\ntheir companionship with the teachers, who are both\nunderstanding and kindly, with a consideration of\ntheir physical and mental retardation.\n\nB O R D ERS O F B LACKB O AR D S , W O RK OF PUPI LS\n\nELIZABETH ELL EN SMITH MEMO R IAL HALL\n\nDOMESTIC\n\nD I NING ROOM AND SCHOOL\n\nSCI E NCES\n\nINS TRUCTION\n\nSOC IAL S C IENCES\n\nE LIZAB ETH E LLE N SMI T H M E MORIAL H A LL\n\nC H ILDREN' S DINING RO OM\n\nPage S\n\n�BEYERLY AND BLAKE COTTAGE\n\nBeverly and Blake Cottages\nBeverly and Blake Cottages are identical in size,\n\nEach has several private rooms with bath, some double\n\neach housing 14 girls of 16 and over. They comprise\n\nrooms with intercommunicating bath and a dormatory.\n\nthe living quarters for these girls and arc representa-\n\nare homelike, friendly structures, with a conviviality\n\nThe rooms are equipped to adju st the child as\nquickly as possible and provide a living atmosphere,\nwhich brings a feeling of home life and eradicates any\nstrangeness, which could provoke the adjustment of\n\nof comradship permeatnig the entire surroundings.\n\nhomesickness.\n\ntive of the best to be maintained for this purpose in\nthe field of this type of institutional operation. They\n\nGIRLS' LOUNGE -\n\nGIRLS' COTTAGE -\n\nBEVERLY COTTAGE\n\nPage 6\n\nLOUNGE\n\n�The Boys' Farm Unit\nThe Boys' Farm Cottage is what the name typifies,\n\nconform to the general plan and a personal super-\n\na genuine country home, with every a im exerted to\n\nvision is the master stroke in utilizing all natural\n\ngive the boys a real abandon and the open air freedom,\n\nresources and advantages.\n\nwhich fresh air and surroundings provide. There are\nThis cottage is light, a iry and fireproof with tile\n\nsingle rooms, double r ooms and two dormatories. T his\nunit, together with the associated buildings, workshop,\ngarages, barn, etc., has a capacity for 28 boys.\nEvery roo111 in the building is strictly designed to\n\nroof. It has a beautiful setting, overlooking quite an\nextensive area of the San Lorenzo Valley. The surrounding land is ferti le, well-drained and adequate for\nsmall farming, poultry raising or orcharcling.\n\nPage 7\n\n,.\n\n�The Lowder Memorial Unit\nThe Lowder Memorial was named after George\nHarland Lowder, Jr., one of our employees who gave\nhis Ii fe in the building of Blake Hammond Manor.\n\nmodius with red tile roof and built of reinforced concrete blocks.\n\nThe lounge and sleeping rooms of this memorial are\nthe epitome of a preconceived thought and theme of\nperfection. They arc airy, clean, compact and com-\n\nwho require a great deal of personalized attention.\nNo item has been left undone to bring about a scheme\nfo r the ideal situation for such a pur pose.\n\nOne wing is given over to boys, the other to girls\n\nPage 8\n\n�Recreational Areas -\n\nSwimming\n\nand Beauty Spots\nBlake H ammond Manor is endowed with the rarest\nof nature's gifts. The grounds are surrounded by the\nwinding San Lorenzo River, whose rippling pools and\neddying streams add an ever enchanting touch to the\nsurroundings. The charm added by the huge redwoods\nand the spicy pines cannot be described in a few words.\nThe setting of this idyllic spot has been utilized to\ngive the underprivileged every advantage, which they\nhave missed, and expose them to the gifts, which the\ngreat outdoors grants without reservation or tariff.\n\nTHE OLE SWIMMIN H O L E AT BLAKE HAMMO ND MANOR\n\n'l'he setting has been adj usted to recreational and\nphysical developments. All playground equipment,\nwhich is feasible for this type of inmate, is on the\nspecially designated plots and the use is strictly supervised.\nLife at this lovely spot spells healthful living and\na happy, enjoyable experi ence.\n\nA BEAUT Y SPOT NEAR THE OLE SWIMMIN HOLE\n\nPage 9\n\n�Method of Operation and Care of the Handicapped\nBlake Hammond Manor, in lieu of my years of\nexpereince in this type of service, has worked out a\nplan, whereby a system is organized, which serves as\na protection for parents and relatives of the handicapped individuals. The Banks, as conditions exist,\ndo not favor loans of considerable size to specialized\nschools, since the conduct of these is primarily under\nthe supervision of a head officer. Therefore, banks\nservicing mostly the mercantile trade and real estate\ntransactions, know very little or nothing of the operation of school work and especially that of the handicapped, and should the head officers of such institution pass away, the resale of such a specialized organization would be a real gamble. Then,too, to protect the\ninterests of depositors, very high rates are in order\nand no school could afford them.\n\nFor special clinical care children are taken to San\nFrancisco where they have access to many specialists,\neither at the University of California or those of Stanford at Stanford Lane Hospital. 'Wherever the family\nhave their own doctor or specialist we try to carry\nout the orders of these as well as arrange to take the\nchild to these specialists whenever such a condition\narises. We have our own dental equipment so that a\nlocal dentist may come out and examine any child\nand carry out minor work not requiring an X-Ray.\n\nThe situation then becomes apparent, that the\nschool must borrow from parents of children attending\nit, and this is possible through several different methods, namely:\n\nT hose seeking the lower year 'round rate may\ndivide that rate into 12 equal installment if so desired.\nNo money will be deducted for time home on vacation\nunless an extended sickness or emergency beyond the\ncontrol of both parties make such an extended leave\nnecessary. Where the child is a more or less pennanent resident and spends two or three months at home\nevery few years and his or her name has not been\nremoved from the books, then the tuition rate will\nbe halved during that time spent at home.\n\nFirst-Building Certificates issued and amortized\nover a twenty-five year period, the interest and principal of which can be applied toward the tuition and\ncare of their child. Parents, then, can purchase these\nin any amount. Some may wish to take the full amount\nand offset the cost of the child's care, others may\nextend the plan over several years.\nThis procedure offers funds for the school at a\nlow interest rate and enables it to expand, provide better accomodations and more facilities for the\nhandicapped, since it not only effects their child, but\nothers who attend. Any remaining funds, at the\nchild's death, can be utilized in several ways, namely:\nEstablish a Memorial Fund, which could be used to assist some other child, or turn the income into the\nestate, and divide it among the child's brothers and\nsisters. Then, too, the Building Certificates may be\nsold to other parents, seeking investments and living\nfrom the money collected on the original payment.\nAnother method is Advance Payment for tuition,\nwith a low interest rate.\n\nMEDICAL FACILITIES\nThere are several physicians within a radius of\nthree miles that can be reached by phone at a minute's\nnotice. These take care of acute cases that are unable\nto travel any distance. Any operations that are to be\nperformed arc generally pcrfo1·med in Santa Cruz by\na physician of the families' choice wherever possible.\n\nTUITION\nTuition varies with the child, its age, se:r, t~11pe, acco11n,noda.tions desired, anwunt of persona.l care demanded by the child and the specific demands of the\nparent or giwrdian. This rate will include room. and\nboard as well as titition, biit no incidental e,-rpenses\nwhatsoever 1mless this is placed in writing and signed\nby both parties.\n\nThe purpose of Blake Hammond Manoi· was to\nestablish an attractive, homelike, moderately priced\nhome and school for those handicapped, to be located\nin a locality known for its beauty, health and recreational advantages; where the middle class family on\na more or less fixed or moderate income could provide sensible care, education adapted to the needs and\ncapabilities of their child; fresh mountain air and\nample, protected playground facilities where the child\ncan whoop and holler to his hearts content without\ndisturbing the neighbors; wholesome food and a\nhealthy homelike atmosphere on a reasonable, common sense basis.\n\nThere are many hand-icapped children in these\nUnited States, who today could be trained to take thefr\nplace on a l·imited scale in Society and thit,s partially or\nwholly d efray the-ir cost of ·m.a:intenance if Society\nwere willing to meet its obligations towards these\nindividuals, give the·m 24-hour supervision while at\nwork or play and provide specialized jobs adapted to\ntheir particular needs. S ociet3•, in general, is not williny\nlo accept these children on siich a basis at present or\nmake allowances for their condition or provide a place\nfor them in industry.\nUntil Society is willing to do this we must educate\nand train the child not in accord with his capabilitie!'-,\nbut on a plane dictated by the Society in which that\nchild is compelled to live.\n\nPage 10\n\n�THEODORE H. SMITH\n\nPage 11\n\n�FOREWORD\n'rheodore H. Smith, the owner, operator and manager of Blake Hammond Manor is well deserving of\nthe very highest commendation for his praiseworthy\nefforts in the development of this dedicated monument for the improvement of the handicapped and\nunderprivileged.\n\nLast, but surely not least, came the coveted ·appointment as manager and assistant superintendent of\nBeverly Farm at Godfrey, Illinois, under the strict\nsupervision of his father, Dr. W. H . C. Smith. Remai_nin_g in this office, following the father's demise,\nuntil ~meteen hundred and twenty-eight, at which time\nhe !-111g_rat:d to California to instigate and establish\nan _mstitutton for mentally retarded and handicapped,\nwhich, at the present date is embarking on its twehtvsixth year.\n,\n\nThis type of endeavor embodies specialized standards, principles and qualifications. Mr. Smith possesses\nsuch qualifications plus humane and scientific attitudes\nbesides a kindliness and consideration for the afflicted.\nEvery effort has been expended to substantiate the\nmethods employed in the directional guidance of this\ninstitution and unlimited prepartion qualifies the\nowner through education and travel observing all relative situations and circumstances which would have\ndirect or remote bearing on the subject.\nThe friends and patrons of Blake Hammond Manor have requested, for many years, that a digest be\nwritten concerning the experiences with the handicapped and express opinions and views on their care,\nmanagement and adjustments.\nToday, after fifty years of intensive and extensive\nstudy in this field, which is the record of Mr. Smith,\nhe is undisputed, when expressing pertinent facts and\nconclusions. This item alone should be adequate and\npr9ve a most valuable assistance and service to\nparents anc.l understudies in this highly specialized\nand humanitarian course of endeavor.\nA thumbnail sketch is sufficient to ser ve as a background; introducing to the reader a few poignant facts,\nqualifications and achievements.\n\nThe University of Illinois furnished the first stepping stone in pre-medic training, followed by more\nof the same at Washington University Medical School\nat _St. Louis, M issouri, where the service to patriotic\nduty forced him to leave and join the Medical Corps\nof the U nited States Navy. Then, on discharge, after\neleven months in France, he returned to graduate in\nSocial Economics from the Missouri School of Social\nEconomy. Now came further post-graduate study at\nThe P sychopathic Institute of Chicago, Illinois, which\nlaunched him toward the final goal of a degree at\nthe 111inois State U niversity with majors in Sociology,\nPsychology, Economics and Chemi stry.\nIt is pertinent and relevant to mention the rewarding experience spent with the Juvenile Courts of Chicago and St. Louis in social and case work among\njuvenile delinquents, criminals, insane and indigents.\nAn additional period of three months was spent at the\nGraham Taylor Social Settlements of Chicago, Illinoi;;.\n\nAn insatiable curiosity and the urge for authenticity and verification of the many hypothetical conclusions which are related to fundamental, existing\ntruths, and likewise those, which present themselves\nmany times in this type of service and daily contact,\nf?rced Mr. Smith to directly observe that missing link,\nfirst-handed, and make his own conclusions. Peoples\nof foreign lands, customs, habits, modes and manners,\nplus the very constituents of the population itself\nfurni shed this material.\n'\nA varied itinerary was necessarily planned and\nfollowed. The boundaries of European countries, the\nfar reaches of South and Central America, which included a study of the Incas civilization of Peru, Cuzco,\nand the many ruins of that territory; the distant\nOrient, Ceylon, India, China and Japan, with their\nHindu, Buddist and Shinto Temples ; Egyptian lands\nand the historical Pyramids, beautiful Luxor, Karnak\nand T hebes; Guatamala and Yucatan's Mayan monuments of such puzzling antiquity, which attest a super\nintelligence of the Pre-Columbian Era.\nFacts and truths are in evidence on all lands of\nhabitation, and each should be weighed in a logical\nsequence.\nF irst--Every animate and inanimate object inhabiting the land has a part and place to fill with a\nduty to perform in the orderly development and operation of the universe.\nSecond-The Handicapped and Mentally Retarded\nProblem is world-wide, its prevalence exists in all\ncountries and nations, regardless of civilization. Much\ncan be attributed to ignorance, disease, filth, greed\nand over-population, indifference by political forces,\nalso the refusal of the rank and file to overthrow\nantiquated customs and injurious practices.\nThird-The Handicapped and Mentally Deficient\nwill persist and always exist in ratio to population.\nFourth- To determine the Handicapped and Deficient and their prevalence in society is enti rely de-\n\nPage 12\n\n�pendent on the norms; standards and yardsticks of\ncomparison used to investigate and examine.\n\nditions and adjustments of time, which 1s never constant.\n\nAll persons, plants, animals, creatures and objects,\nwhether animate or inanimate, as was stated before,\nhave a part to play in the ultimate scheme of things.\nTheir function may not be apparent today, tomorrow\nor at the forseeable future, but it is said : \"There is\na plan for every man and the immortals whisper the\nstory.\"\n\nTwo percent of the population are unable to adjust\nto the accelerated pace and become victims of thr\nstress and strain placed upon them by this complex,\nfast-moving modern world. This does not mean that\nthe status remains dormant for this percentage as\nconstant research should be in progress to improve\nsuch circumstances and bring about rehabilitation\nwherever possible.\n\nAtoms, moulds, antibiotics, vitamins, plastics, space\nmissiles, all new at this t ime, but actually have existed\nfor centuries, only newly perceived and now are serving a specific purpose. Some are medicinal, others\nprovide foods and still others adorn the space about\nus. A ll adjusted itself and themselves to life's cycle\nand the ever changing service and demands of con-\n\nThis digest is prepared, bearing in mind these unfortunate situations, therefore, any 1·evenues received\nfrom the distribution of this material will be earmarked\nfor the establishment of a Blake Hammond Manor .\nHospital and also a Gymnasium to assist in improving\nthe conditions under which these individuals are\nforced to live.\n\nPage 13\n\n�ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\n\n}\n\nIt is both sincere and appropriate that the assistance\nand promotional aid of our friends should be recounted\nin his booklet. Many difficult periods have been surmounted by their helping hands and gratefully we\nname those who have sparked our incentives and\nerased these obstacles.\n\nDL W. H. C. Smith and Mrs. Elizabeth Ellen Blake\nSmith, parents of the author, provided a great incentive for the establishing of Blake-Hammond Manor.\n'l'hey pioneered this field, eighty-five years ago in\nPennsylvania and in Illinois institutional activity and\nlater located and promoted Beverly Farm at Godfrey,\nIllinois.\n\nDr. Groves B. Smith, his brother, and Dr. vV. H . C.\nSmith are past presidents of The American Association\nfor Mental Deficiency, and their examples have proven\nmost valuable, as Beverly Fann now numbers five\nhundred students. Their assistance was greatly appreciated in obtaining the present site for our institution.\n\nOther individuals to whom we are indebted and are\nnumbered among our friends are: Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Drucker, P rofessor Joseph S. Carroll, Mrs. Carrie McLean Eames, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Vaughn, Mrs.\nGay Reidel, Mr. and Mrs. Harry S . Baker, Mr. and\nMrs. Bruce Johnstone, Mrs. Mary Lee Carman, Mrs.\nPaul F. O'Neil, Mrs. Butler ·ward, Mr. and l\\'lrs.\nJacques Barr and Wm. Rice. Last, but surely not\nleast, it is with sincere gratitude, the wife of Mr.\nSmith is named for her assistance, both financially\nand physically, in the establishing of this institution.\n\nThe devoted employees are also enumerated in the\nplaque of dedicated workers, who have proven that\nthe impossible can be accomplished if one has the \"will\nto do,': as many have been rehabilitated, through their\nefforts, when they were considered hopeless.\nPage 14\n\n�The RIGHT to LIVE\n\nl\n\nPART ONE\nTwo dissimilar objects or organisms, uniting to aid\neach other in existance, and in the final analysis, becoming dependent upon each other for survival is\nknown as the Law of Symbiosis.\nThe Pilot F ish will di1·ect a Shark to food, who, in\nturn will feed and protect them for this benefact ion;\nalligators protect little birds, who pick their teeth;\nsources of infection on elephants and r hinoceros, from\nticks, is prevented by tick birds ; aphids are \"veilnamed : \"Ant Cows,\" as the ants devour the honey-dew\nsecreted by these insects.\n\nIn like correlation, this assumption could be applied\nto the plant world; for example : an orchid living on\ntree bark, and also, tree ferns suspended from leaf\nmasses. Likewise, Man, too, is adopting these traits\nand tactics in utilizing dogs for guidance of the blind,\nand in turn providing food and legal protection for all\ncanines.\nSociety, justly could absorb and apply Nature's\nexample as a protection for the Handicapped Individual. It has been within my own experience in several\nser ious cases of handicapped children, that a highly\ndeveloped Mother Instinct in a mentally retarded\nwoman was utilized in placing the children in her care\nand the procedure proved far more efficient than the\nsame care and attention of two normal women.\nBy the same token ; many m entally retarded, but\nphysically f it, likewise could be r elegated into service\nwith those physically handicapped but possessing superior intelligence. Inmates of some institutions are\nt rained to assist and care for custodial cases, accomplishing the tasks most satisfactor ily with slight supervision.\n\nIt is quite possible that such procedures could be\nfollowed in private homes, which have these problems\nexisting. Individuals, to be so utilized should be scientif ically trained and schooled in institutions and also\nproperly steril ized for protection to themselves and\nothers and a lso placed in responsible families. T his\ntype of activity for such cases would produce positive\nreactions in the retarded case, specifically, they woulcl\nbe both necessar y a nd useful, and likewise, r elease\nmuch needed institutional beds for the more severe\ncases.\nThe task is not too arduous to obser ve our surroundings a nd note tha t there is a niche to be filled by\nevery object in evidence, whether human or otherwise.\nIt is enough to observe, that often-times, the most\nm inute a nd insignificant frequent ly sparks the incentive for some great event of production or discovery.\n\nLet us bear in mind, some facts, as we discuss the\nproblems of the handicapped. T hese may be placed\nunder three classifications, namely: maimed in bodily\nfunctions; second, mental with improper brain activity ; and third, a combination of both physical and\nmental retardation.\nCLASSIFICATION ONE\nThe Ph3,sically or Bodily Handicapped\n\nCases conside red under this heading a re the unfortunates who are victimized from accidents and afflicting diseases, which effect nerve centers and partially or completely destroy them. The corrective measures in these cases are: Therapy, Massage, Heat,\nMechanical devices or Su rgery. These measures can\nbe utilized to great advantage very frequently. These\npatients may be placed at t imes in society's normal\ncycle, where they can be both useful and valuable.\nSteinmetz is convincing evidence of such a case.\nGroup 1. A. Some cases of seriously injured are so\ngreat and complex that treatments, other than to alleviate pain and suffering is practically useless.\nIt is very possible that as Science learns more about\nsuch case treatment, more rehabilitation may be instituted and early death prevented. There are instances,\nrelative to this situation, that demand honesty, and sincerity on the part of the attending specialist, for defeat\nmust, at times, be accepted, and the life's saving should\nbe preserved. There are so many cases, that the practitioner r ealizes and appreciates there is no hope and\nhe cannot deliver what the parents, well-intentioned,\nwish so much to hear.\nT he medical profession, it is true, would do humanity a sincere ser vice, and it should be the physician's\nduty to inform the parents of the true facts. Also, if\na close relationship forbids this justi fiable act, then\na colleague should be appointed to advise the circumstances, truthfully and accurately.\nCLASSIFICATION TWO\nThe Mentall3, Handicapped P ersons\n\nThese cases are enumerated under different subheadings and sim ilarly categoried and discussed accordingly: Sane and Insane.\nGroup 2. A. The sane usually a re mentally alert,\nbut physically incapacitated; for E. G. the hemiplegias\nand paraplegias. In such instances, the upper or lower,\nor r ight o r left half of the body may be paralyzed, or\neither part, partially or completely. These may have\n\nPage 15\n\n�retarded and backward, but were we to be placed in\nlike surroundings, it is possible, we, ourselves would\nrevert to similar methods for survival. It is true, that\nthey do not read, write and perform many duties,\nwhich we expect of children with a low intelligence\nquotient. However, they do interpret signs, scribblings,\nfoot-prints, weather conditions and animal tracks with\nuncanny accuracy and significance. These abilities far\nexceed our abilities and those of many other nationalities. Therefore, many seemingly backward individuals\nare bound by taboos, religious rites and dictates of\ntheir tribes, and we are not justified, because of these\nregimes to stamp them mentally deficient. Here, a\ndefinitely different type of yardstick is <;:ssential.\n\nfull mental capabilities, be able to talk, sing or converse\nand act normally. Then again, others may be afflicted\nwith speech defects, with paralysis of the vocal chords\nor controlling muscles.\nGroup 2. B. The insane are usually the more unfortunate, with physically perfect bodies, but a fflictcd\nwith mental or emotional blocks, which prevent normal\nperformance. These cases, for the most part are born\nnormal, but some serious stress, strain or brain injury is the causative factor of the abnormal behavior.\nThese individuals may cause bodily harm to themselves or others and by all means should be placed in\n~ome institution until recovery.\nGroup 2. B-1. Many mental aberrations arc enumerated under the headings of Paranoias, Schi zophrenics, Manic Depressed, etc. Many such cases are\ntreated by Psychiatry ;_nd react quite successfully,\nthereby, receiving their \"RIGHT TO LIVE.\"\nCLASSIFICATION THREE\nThe M entail'), Deficient\nGroup 3. A. The Non-Insane, but Mentally Deficient: This group also can have a sub-heading, those,\nwho accept education and can be rehabilitated to an\nextent and those, who do not accept any enlightenment nor adjustment. Such cases have long existed\nthrough the ages. History records the murder and\nstarvation of the mentally and physically handicapped.\nThe Greek classical myth cites the case of \" Romulus and Remus\" left to die in the cave and mothered\nby a ·wolf; these stories verify the existance of such\ntragedies and the practices followed in real life at\nthat period. However, there were those, who at another\ntime accepted the babblings of such children as those\nof supernatural beings and they were interpreted by\nthe savants. Still, at another date, these were committed to such poorly managed and conceived institutions, that they leave a blotch on history.\nST ANDARDS, NORMS, MEASU RES\nA ND JUDGMENTS\nThere always will be mentally deficient individuals\nin ratio to the population of the educated, intelligent\nand literate. Were standards of education to be considered, which existed at the time of The French Revolution or before, and compared with standards or\nnorms of today, there is little doubt that a large percentage existed then that were classed as normal which\nwe ,vould consider mentally deficient now. Likewise,\nthe exact situation would be true if those of the\nFrench Revolution period were compared ·with a\ngroup existing One Thousand B. C. By this same reciprocal reasoning and measure such deductions could\nbe made of more remote historical eras.\nNow, at last, the norm or measure or perhaps more\nspecific, the yanlstick one is using must be evaluated.\n\\,Vho and what determines whether we are normal or\notherwise? For a rgument's sake, let us consider th~\nAfrican Tribe that lives under most adverse conditions,\naccording to our standards of living. l'erhaps they may\nbe regarded heathens, uncivilized, uncleanly, mentally-\n\nI NTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT\nWhat-Why-For What Purpose\nWhat is Intelligence Quotient or IQ, as it is commonly called? It is a term used in Psychology and\nPsychiatry to denote the mental standing or progress\nof an individual. This is determined by taking the\nmental age of an individual and multiplying it by one\nhundred, then dividing this number by the chronolog-ical age of the person who is being tested. How accurate is this? It is as accurate as the examnier making\nthe test. If this person is schooled and well-experienced, then it should be quite accurate and of a\ndefinite value. There is much more to be considerccl\nthan just making the test and answering the few\nquestions. There are many factors, which must be\ntaken into consideration. It is the opinion of many educators that an IQ never changes, from year to year,\nif properly taken, as the tests are chronologically assembled. Others belive it can be raised and changed\nfrom year to year as the individual becomes more\neducated and trained; whereas, if the person is left\nto drift along and his education becomes lax, then\nnaturally it lowers.\nThis system of mentality measurment was come of the afflicted ones when they make their\ndemise.\n\nParents rear their children, as a rule, to care for a nd\nres pect the one that is handicapped for they usually\nlove their brother or s ister, but as they grow older, resentment frequently developes, as parents seem to\nfavor the subnormal or afflicted child. It is also assumed that normal children will develop into adulthood and become self sufficient without too much assistance, but, the subno rmal one need s provision and\nprotection. T his may well be, to a certain degree, but,\nit infinitely would be better reasoning if pa rents would\nplace the emphasis on equipping the normal children\nto a higher earning level, and prepare them to be in\nposition to care for the handicapped brother or sister\nafter the parents had passed this plan~ of existance.\nIt is a mistake for parents to extract death bed promises from their children, relative to fu ture care of\nhandicapped brothers and siste rs . T hese no rmal children eventually will have homes of their own, and such\nencumbrances would work dreadful hardship on the\ngeneral economy of the new household.\n\nMETHODS FOR PROVISION O F\nH ANDICAPPED\nThere is a fairness for all concerned a nd parents\nshould bear this in mind, especially when consid erin\"\nthe handicapped and incapacitated. If there ;re su r':\nfic ient funds for all members of the family, then\nparents have several cho ices:\nFirst: C reate a TRUST F U ·n. Set aside enough\nthat the yearly inte rest and principal will care for the\nchild as lo ng as it li ves. Upon death, then the residue\ncan be equally di vided among the remaining members\nof the family.\nSecond: Carry a Life l nsu rance Policy in an\namount, sufficient that, at thei r death, the income\nwill provide for the handicapped child, a s long as it\nlives. Should the child preced e the parents, then,\nshould the po licy be an endowment, it can be cashed,\ntaking its value, or it can be allo \\\\'ed to reach maturity\nand the resiuue be given to the other children of the\nfami ly.\nT hird: \\Vhen there are no funds to create a Trust or\nmaterially provide for the Handicapped Child, or\nwhen the child cannot be properly attcndt:d in the\nhome, then it should be placed in a state institution\nfor such cases, o r if there arc funds, then it may he\nplaced in some private school. If, however, the other\nchildren suffer from d eprivatio n, because of this procedure, then the child at an early a 6e should be placed\nin a state institution, and g ive the norma l children\nevery advantage to better equip them to care for the\nhandicapped in later life from their earnings.\nThe re are institutions that accept children up,m\nthe paym ent of a lump sum. This is the very poorl'sl\nmethod to manage the situation. :--Jo matkr whether\nit is a state or private institution there a re pitfalls.\nl f the sum of t wenty thousand d ollars is deposited for\nthe ca re, then economic conditions rende r the income\nfrom the fund, unpredictable, considering flu ctuation.\n1f inflation should occur in the later years, the income\nfrom the deposit would not suffice for the ,·ery\nmediocre care, which necessity would d emand. Should\n\nPage 18\n\n�the child make its demise, after it had lived in the\ninstiution but a short time, then, without doubt, there\n,rnuld be a lawsuit for the recovery of a portion of\nthe trust. It would not be too difficult to find a\ndisgruntled employee, who had been dismissed from\nthe institution, to testify that the child had not been\nproperly attended and neglect was a contributing\nfactor in its death. Whether the case was won by the\nparent or the institution, the publicity would be most\ndet rimental and forever a stigma upon it. Now, were\nthe child to reach the age o f seventy years, then the income from the trust would be so small, that the\npoorest care could not be possible.\nThere a rc several different classifications of the\nt-1 entally Deficient and a further di scussion should\nprove enlightening to parents, who have this problem.\nGenerally, those used, arc based upon the Intelligence\nQ uotient. T hes(' are: V cry P recocious, P recocious.\nNormal and Borderline cases. The latter are commonlv\ncalled Dullards. Then come the Morons, Imbeciles a nd\nIdiots that are classed as mentally defi cient. T hese may\nbe further subdivided into high grade, medium and low\ngrade. All these a re rated, according to their Tntelligence Quotient. When there is the slightest possibility\nthat any child in any classification can be educated. no\nmatter how much or in what field, every possibility\nto do so, should be exerted to help.\nTo he sure, when it is definitely established, from\nthe most extensive attempt s, that the child cannot\ntake his place in society, in some useful manner. then\nthe only course is to commit him to an institution for\nretarded, who follow methods which direct their energies to some useful endeavor.\nThe::re is no accurate estimate for the total number\nof mentally and physically handicapped in the United\nStates, as no reporting agency for this filing is compulsory. However, there is a safe estimate that the\nnumber would exceed three million, of which, less\nthan forty percent are in institutions of any sort.\nAlso, there are many of this number, who if given an\nopportunity, could be use ful to society. Many institutions and industries work together for the physically\nhandicapped, and likewise, there are many places,\nll'here the mentally retarded could be used if properly\nsupe r vised during the off hours. O ne of the greatest\nproblems, here, lies with the public attitude. Ma ny\nroutine jobs in industry require little training, where\na person, with medium intelligence can manipulate\nlevers and the machinery engineers the actual work.\nThis very type of work means destruction to a high\nintellect indi vidual, for the monotony of the movement is responsible. H owever, to train borderline\nindi viduals for such ll'ork is ideal. H ere also, must\nbe taken in consideration two forces: one, the unions.\nwho feel that such positi ons should be assigned to\nmen with families to support; and the other, workers\nll'ho are adjacent to the retarded individual and cons~quently, realizing this, ta ke unfair advantage of the\nc1 rcumstance.\nIt is deplorable to cite the outcome of thi s procedurl·, holl'ever, it should be recognized and pointed\nout. Either their earnings may be usurped or stolen,\nor they may be abused sexually. To be sure both out-\n\ncomes can be eliminated. First, by strict supervision\nand second by ste rilization of both sexes.\nT here is yet anothe r factor that should be considered before these individuals a re turned loose in\nindustry, and that is the Social Security and Tnsurance\nlaws. Some modification o f these should be made to\nprotect not only these children, but those employers\nwho arc kind enough to give them work. If the government enforces a strict wage hour law for such cas<\"s\nemployers ll'ill refuse to hire them. Many could bepartially if not wholly self supporting if given someaid and thus save their cost of maintenance by the\npublic. I t should therefor be the duty of the government to rewrite these laws so as to permit employers\nto employ such cases without recriminations from\nunions and other labor forces and the pressure that\nthese can exert. These individuals should also be protected by insurance and Social Security, but not on\nthe same level as a normal worker.\nFurthermore, those schools a11d hospitals or homes\nthat have it as their dttty to care for, educate and train\nmch individuals should also be exempt from .mch wage\nhour laws, for y ou cannot give [1,ll protection to these\nr hildren 0 11 a home-like basis and adhere to these laws\nas the')' arc presently written and interpreted. These\nlaws will 11ot be chanyed wnless you demand siich a\nchange. So, get -in toiich with your legisla,tors now.\nYou can't run a home on an eight-hour basis and\nthese children should not have to live on a factory\nbasis or in a factory atmosphere.\nThe Handicapped can be trained for farm work;\nroutine types, as assista nts to carpenters, brick masons,\nroad workers, etc. \\ Vomen can be utilized for housework, cleaning, ironing, washing, etc. Society must not\nbe exacting in these cases for they must be accepted\nfor what they are, and the proper safeguards taken for\ntheir protection.\nIt is stimulating to note that much progress is being\ninstigated in the rehabilitation of the Insane, Cerebral\nPalzied, Blind, and some heart cases. Others, who\nshould be given special attention are the Epileptics.\nSome of these are ninety percent normal, the major\nportion of the time, or completely so, ll'hen not suffering sei7l1rcs. But, since these are unpredictable, society\nostracizes them all the time. \\ l\\fere one to make inquiry\nof fifty different neurologists, psychologists, or psychiatries, undoubtedly, there \\\\'Ould be fifty different 1·cplies, relative to the cause of the trouble and the treotment for it.\nThe physiology class instruction in our medical\nschool enumerated five, and only five di ffercnt ways\nof bodily elimination for poisons. These were: respiration, perspiration, expectoration, (regttrgatation and\nt limina tion from the mouth), discharge from the kidneys and intestines.\nThere is a question, which arises, '·\\Vhy docs\nNature use all these methods in a Grand Mal attack?\"\nThey ar<\" in evidence and within a period of fi ve\nminutes: and ,·cry poignantly shows us th.it the basi~\nfor the attack is the elimination o f some bodily poison.\nIt would not be correct to say, tha t Nature docs use all\n\nPage 19\n\n�of these methods in e,·ery attack, however it is safe to\nassume there will be three or more in evidence.\nThe only treatment, upon which all agree is-correct elimination at all times, adequate rest and no\nstress or emotional strain.\nAnother question arises. Why is it that you can\nfeed SO normal persons a well balanced meal for a\nperiod of three months and there are no ill after-effects, yet if you feed SO epileptics the same meal, same\nweights of food and keep the conditions as near as\npossible the same, these epileptics will have convulsions, some quite violent? Is this an autoimmune\ndisease where the body is fighting to destroy itself,\nsuch as in cases of some skin diseases, or that in\nwhich the body tries to destroy its own thyroid gland?\nAnimals or plants of different species cannot be\nbred or crossed because the body of that plant or\nanimal destroys the foreign intruder. In other words\nis there something in the internal make-u p of an\nepileptic that disturbs their metabolism causing tht·\nbody to secrete a chemical that attacks the food in such\na way as to break it down into ptomains rather than\ncarbon dioxide and water? A re these poisons, so\nformed, the causes of the convulsions? We know that\nviolent convulsions can be produced in laboratory animals similar to those occuring in an epileptic seizurl\",\nwhen and as the stimulus from poisons, heat or pain\nis sufficient to bring this about.\nGrand Mal is convulsive attacks charac1'crized by\nse,·ere spasms, twisting of the arms and legs, distortion\nof facial features, intense breathing, perspiration,\nmouth froth ing, and relaxation of one or both sphincters of the rectum and bladder. Barbitrates, narcotics,\nbromides and anticonvulsants are used as treatment in\nsuch cases. Many times the drugs arc as ban\nsome effort is made to adjust them.\nPoor m anagement is never to be condoned. It is\nwell and proper that all organizations of this typl'\nshould be investigated, licensed, and operated on an\nequal or higher standard than sta te or county. But\ninvestigations should be made by individuals who\n\nPage 23\n\n�know the business, its operation, its problems and\nsomething about the clientele which supports it.\nIt is only fair practice to advise the head of the\ninstitution of the nature of the complaints, so that they\naccordingly can be corrected to the best of his ability.\nIt is unjust to send investigators to such institutions\nunannounced, for that causes disturbance in the entire\norganization. There are few institutions which would\nnot whole-heartedly endorse any suggestions that\nwould better conditions in management or operation.\nUnqualified individuals, politically appointed, frequently make these calls, examining the private management quarters, those of the help, and then leave\nnon-committedly. It is for this precise circumstance-,\nthat animosities exist among the states, counties and\nprivate enterprises.\nA PLAN FOR OPERATION\nThere are corrections of these conditions which\nexist that can eliminate much dissatisfaction and also\neffect a great saving in taxes.\nIt is well understood that no private enterprise desires to be subsidized by the county or state in which\nit exists. However, once every t wo years there should\nbe a report to the licensing board the per capita cost\nof operation-that is the basic cost, no profits included.\nLikewise, the cost of child placement in the state institution should be ascertained by the same board. Now\nlet us consider a specific case:\nThis placement costs the state one hundred dollars\nper month and the cost of building a new institution\ncosts three thousand dollars per bed. If the per capita cost of operation in a private institution i s one hundred and fifty dollars per month, and let us assume\nthat this covers cost of construction, maintenance, etc.\nwe follow through now with the family that pays\nseventy- five dollars per month for the child but can not reach the private organizational cost of one hunclred and fifty dollars per month. If this child were\nsent to the state, the cost would be one hundred dollars\nper month plus cost of constructing a new bed. Now,\nwhy not ask the state and county wherein this child resides, to subsidize the fam ily seventy-five dollars pe1·\nmonth for care. T hen this family can select the\n\nschool (private presumedly) where it should be placed.\n.-\\s long as they keep up their payments of seventyfive dollars per month and the school properly conducts its endeavors, then the state should continue to\nsubsidize them.\nWHATARETHEPROSANDCONS\nOF SUCH A PLAN?\nFIRST- All private institutions would have an\nincentive to keep high standards and even better than\nthe state and county. Their patronage would be increased. They would be leaders, and to compel them\nto follow instructive correction would not be necc~sary.\nSECOND- It would bring capital into the field\nand many banks who now refuse loans for these\npurposes of construction, would loan bonafide and\ngood risk monies for the cause, knowing that t here is\na demand and necessity for it- also that adequate\nfunds exist for its security as well as the construction.\nThe states would not be asked to spend for the development since it would be privately financed.\nTHI RD- The states also would be saving twentyf ive to fifty dollars per month on maintainance costs\nper capita and would bring in many new beds thereby\nrendering the availability of old beds for those families\nwho cannot afford to spend for their child.\nFOURTH-This would engender a greater respect\nand cooperation between private, county and state institutions besides developing a better comprehension of\nthe problems facing them.\nThe fruition of these recommendations would\ncover a twenty-five year period and we would enter\nan entirely new era of attitudes toward the retarded\nand handicapped situation. Feasibly, every man,\nwoman and child so afflicted could have such care,\ntreatment and training while the taxes would not be\nincreased and the returns for funds expended would\nbe of a far superior quality.\nThere are innumerable individuals who are physically or mentally incapacitated who are presenting a\nprodigious problem and also a painful struggle to survive, so we of normal status should put forth every\neffort to encourage, assist and promote them m\n\n\"THE RIGHT TO LIVE.\"\n\nPage 24\n\n��'\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
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Also included are more than 350 full-text local newspaper articles on films and movie-making and on the Japanese-American internment.
In addition, this is an online index for births, deaths, and personal names from The Mountain Echo. The complete print index is available at the library. For more information see The Mountain Echo."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1840007"},["text","Most of the indexed articles are available on microfilm in the Californiana Room or in the clipping files in the Local History Room at the Downtown branch. Copies of individual articles may be available by contacting the Reference Department - Ask Us.
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